measurement and scale design

Question 1

what happens when there is no measurement

Answer 1

very dangerous
happens often in research

Question 2

what are the challenges with measuring phenomenon (happiness, motivation, pain, etc)

Answer 2

subjective experiences
not easy to quantify
relies on participants to be truthful

Question 3

what are the 3 ways participants lie about phenomenon

Answer 3

satisficing
- satisfactory but not truthful answer
- what “should” be answered, flip a coin, etc

social desireability
- putting best foot forward
- participant is UNAWARE they are doing it

faking good
- INTENTIONAL - conscious decision

Question 4

why is measurement important for PA

Answer 4

to see if interventions work
can use to create attainable goals
to create guidelines

Question 5

what are the two ways of measuring PA

Answer 5

objective assessments
subjective assessments (scales or participant report)

Question 6

what are the benefits and disadvantages of objective assessments

Answer 6

benefits
- concrete measure (can’t lie)
- consistent and comparable between participants

disadv
- expensive, long, not as feasible
- hard to use depending on population

Question 7

what are the benefits and disadvantages of subjective measures

Answer 7

benefits
- easy to do
- not expensive
- can use larger populations

disadv
- people can lie

Question 8

how to start scale development

Answer 8

key informant interviews (used to find the questions to ask)
theories
expert opinion

Question 9

what are the 2 types of ways people can respond to questions

Answer 9

categorical judgements
continuous judgements

Question 10

what are categorical judgements

Answer 10

yes/no questions

Question 11

when can categorical judgements be a problem

Answer 11

can be unclear
can be used for something thats not categorical (degrees of pain)

Question 12

what are the 3 types of continuous judgements

Answer 12

direct estimation
comparative methods
econometric methods

Question 13

what is direct estimation

Answer 13

magnitude of the behaviour / attitude
ex: scale of 1-10 happiness

Question 14

what are comparative methods

Answer 14

seen lots in kids
harter scale
- some kids like to ride bikes adn some kids don’t, which is most like you

Question 15

what is the econometric methods

Answer 15

two anchors on very extreme ends
- has the person estimate between the end values

Question 16

what challenges are present when using scales with populations with NDD

Answer 16

language - needs to be appropriate for population of interest (usually gr 4)
only two options might not work
also presenting a low of info at once
timing of seasonal PA

Question 17

what are the cognitive requirements needed to answer scaled questions

Answer 17

able to understand / interpret the question properly
recall - ability to recall past behaviours
inferences and estimation - usually overestimate rare and underestimate frequent behaviours and give easily divisible numbers (or that align with a month)

Question 18

what does a reliable test mean

Answer 18

consistency of measure
interrater reliablity (same between two people)
test retest reliability

Question 19

what does validity mean

Answer 19

accuracy of a measure
convergent validiy = comparing the scale to a gold standard or something it shoudl be related to