down syndrome + PA Flashcards
what is CV fitness like in DS
- low peak aerobic capacity
- time to exhaustion is a lot quicker
- low peak HR
- continues through the lifespan (doesn’t change past 16)
what are the 3 factors involved in poor CV fitness in DS
autonomic dysfunction
redcued ventilatory capacity
metabolic dysfunction
what is autonomic dysfunction (HR response)
chronotropic incompetence - heart doesn’t respond to stress the same as gen pop (doesn’t increase the same way)
- catecholamines (epi and norepi) have a blunted response during exercise
what is reduced ventilatory capacity in DS
restricted when working at high workloads
- idea that enlarged tongue and face shape affects the ability to inspire
what is metabolic dysfunction
similar to autonomic dysfunction
- potentially always in a state of stress or don’t respond properly to stress
what is muscular strength like in DS
- hypotonia - low muscle tone
- biggest discrepancy in lower limb joints
- impacts ability to produce max strength output (low structural integrity)
- muscle imbalance
- static and dynamic balance is impeded
what is body composition like in DS
overweight / obese
- regardless of gender (only difference is where they hold the weight)
- decreased BMI with age (due to early onset dementia)
what is a risk factor for body comp
more likely to be obese if they live at home instead of supportive housing
- food not controlled
what are PA levels in DS pop
- preference for sedentary activities
- more likely to be active if the family is physically active
- most children don’t meet PA guidelines but gen pop kids don’t have all the other risk factors and comorbidities
what are DS motor skills like in infancy
- delayed in reaching motor milestones
- the more complicated the motor milestone - the longer it takes
- less movement as infants - not lifting head, crawling, grasping
- less active the child is during infancy then the slower they are to develop movement skills
(don’t do a lot with legs as infants - kicking, etc)
what are DS motor skills like in childhood
- fundamental movement skills and balance are delayed not different
- developed a lot later than peers
- very delyaed in sport specific skills
- don’t participate in sport because they don’t have the baseline skills
- struggle with balance (very important skill for ADLs as well) - due to unstable joints
what is treadmill training for DS
- put kid on treadmill supported - making them active and moving legs
- 5 days / week for 8 minutes
- do it until the child walks independently
- sooner they walk, sooner they can engage in other activities
- allows kids to walk 100 days earlier than without intervention
what is PL like in DS pop
- low level of fitness and movement skills - from infancy
- poor motivation towards PA
- lack of friends - social support
- lack of enjoyment - negative affect
what are the barriers to PA for DS pop
individual
- health problems (heart surgery, T2D, etc), poor motor skills, desire for sedentary behaviour, etc
environmental
- lack of accessible services, inclusive programming, transportation, attitudes of others (disability makes people uncomfortable), how much a family values PA
what types of programs should be used for DS pop
- warmup - CV to get HR up - walking (no need for running)
- 3 exercises - involve functional movement (3x8-10) - body weight is usually enough
- cool down
- stretching - very careful of joints
