neurodevelopmental disabilities

Question 1

what is a NDD

Answer 1

disability or condition that impacts the functioning of neurological system
(communication, social skills, education, cognitive, etc)

Question 2

are NDDs spectrum conditions

Answer 2

yes - all NDDs are spectrum conditions
- not homogenous conditions

Question 3

what are the 6 main categories of NDDs

Answer 3

intellectual disabilities
ADHD
communication disorders
ASD
mvmt disorders
learning disorders

Question 4

what is an example of a learning disorder

Answer 4

dyslexia

Question 5

what are examples of mvmt disorders

Answer 5

developmental coordination disorder
- impairment of fine and gross motor skills
- no other underlying condition
- common - 1 in 30

(can also include tourettes)

Question 6

what are examples of communication disorders

Answer 6

very broad
- includes tourettes, problems interpreting verbal language, etc

Question 7

what are intellectual disabilities

Answer 7

impairments in social, cognitive, intellectual, adaptive functioning AND executive functioning
- affect around 1% of the pop
- presents in childhood
- lifelong conditions - not acquired, won’t grow out of it

IQ < 70
Borderline = IQ < 80

Question 8

what are the risk factors for NDDs

Answer 8

genetic - especially ADHD, ASD

social
- low SES, mother without proper prenatal care

environmental
- can’t change the diagnosis but can shift someone on a spectrum

Question 9

when can risk factors affect the outcome

Answer 9

prenatally, perinatally (usually birth complications), and postnatally

Question 10

how many NDDs have an unknown cause

Answer 10

70% have no known cause

Question 11

what is the relation between physical health and NDDs

Answer 11

people with NDD have higher rates of certain conditions / symptoms

Question 12

which conditions are people with NDDs more likely to experience

Answer 12

epilepsy
GI issues
headaches / migraines
asthma
higher rates of obesity

Question 13

what is the relation between mental health and NDDs

Answer 13

common to see mental health conditions in this pop
(esp in youth)

Question 14

what is an internalising disorder

Answer 14

condition is focussed on oneself
- socially withdrawn, avoidance, anxiety, depression, somatic disorders (physical symptoms due to psych response)

Question 15

what is an externalising disorder

Answer 15

how the individual interacts with their outside environment
- aggression, outbursts, defiance, temper, oppositionality

ex: oppositional defiance disorder - huge distrust of authority (say the opposite, and will be very upset if you don’t agree)

Question 16

what is the relation between social health and NDDs

Answer 16

varying degrees of impairment
difficult at all stages of life
more likely to be bullied - hard to create relationships

Question 17

what is the boom or bust cycle

Answer 17

overexertion → fatigue / burnout → rest and frustration

Question 18

what is the spoon theory

Answer 18

12 spoons per day - all the energy for the day
pick and choose what the day is going to look like based on energy levels
- can be used to gauge energy levels
- perception of spoons varies per person and per day