intellectual disabilities Flashcards
what are misconceptions about IDs
- childish
- people with DS love to be hugged
- can’t live on their own
- love the SO
- autism is an ID (NO ONLY NDD)
what is an ID
lifelong neurodevelopmental condition
- causes impairment in cognitive, adaptive, social, and intellectual functioning
- has to occur before 22
- can learn and develop skills, just slower
- ~1% of world pop
what are the DSM V diagnostic criteria for an ID
intellectual functioning
- reasoning, language, academic performance
adaptive functioning
- are they able to perform skills and act appropriately in social settings, can they complete ADLs
timing
- has to occur in childhood (late diagnoses are usually borderline)
what is the mild ID classification
60-70 IQ
85% of ID pop
low support needs - have jobs, live independently, don’t need daily supervision
cognitive and academic pieces affected the most (3-6 grade reading level)
what is the moderate ID classification
<65 IQ
10% of ID pop
- basic numeracy and literacy skills
- can function independently but need more support
- require more consistent supervision (more daily / 3x a week)
- usually live in group home settings
what is the severe ID classification
~5% of ID pop
- no reading or writing skills, minimal language skills
- can’t use a PEC system with this group (no literacy skills)
- daily / hourly supervision (constant support)
what is the profound ID classification
<1% of ID pop
- no reading, writing, or language skills
- extensive medical needs beyond the ID
- constant support 24/7 - very high support needs
- challenges with feeding, toileting, etc
- very little research done
are IDs a multi system condition
yes
affect the NS, metabolic and digestive, musculoskeletal, and CV/resp systems
what are common affects of ID on NS
affects brain and spinal cord
- issues with intelligence and learning
- behavioural and speech disorders
- seizures are common
- frontal lobe is the most affected
what is phenylketouria
CAUSE of IDs
- when the body is unable to break down proteins properly so ketones develop in the blood, resulting in intellectual impairment
- non reversible
- babies put on low protein diet
what metabolic condition is common in ID pop
hypothyroidism
- most on medication for it
what affects do IDs have on the muscluskeletal system
- high % have flat feet
- tend to have issues with toes - due to development and ill fitting shoes
- high % of pop is super flexible
what affects do IDs have on the cardiorespiratory system
high incidence of CV disease
- 70% of deaths
what are the 3 main consequences on overall health
polypharmacy
poor nutrition
obesity
what is polypharamacy
overprescription of meds - 5+ (very common)
lots of drug interactions because its not well tracked
“helpless drug receivers” - often don’t know what the drug is for
what is prader willi syndrome
never feel full and will eat absolutely anything (including non edible)
- complicated - in addition to ID
- can’t live independently - live in structured group home settings
which ID groups have the worst nutrition
mild/moderate groups
- more independent and can make choices for themselves
- high % of pop overeat
what are the risk factors for obesity
sex - females = higher risk
level of ID - mild/mod = higher risk
DS diagnosis = higher risk
what are obesity rates in this pop
45% morbidly obese
<30% in healthy BMI (can use BMI for this group because muscle is not interfering with results
- drink lots of coca cola
what is the rate of PA in this pop
2% considered physically active
what is fitness like in this pop
low CV fitness
- high resting HR, low max HR
- hearts don’t respond to stressors properly
poor muscular strength
underdeveloped motor skills (don’t develop FMS)
poor balance - lots of falls
what are risk factors for physical inactivity
level of ID - mild/mod = higher risk (decisional capacity)
sex - females = higher risk
age - older = higehr risk
living arrangement - independent = higher risk
what are factors affecting PA engagement
lack of proper knowledgable support surrounding PA engagement
lack of motivation (understanding that pain isn’t always bad)
preference for sedentary activities
all areas of PL impacted
what recommendations can be made for mvmt skills
graded tasks - start simple, master, and then move up
oppurtunity for practise as much as possible
specific feedback on the skill
what recommendations can be made for social participation
cooperative games (builds social engagement)
team building
peer teaching and emotional support
what recommendations can be made for motivation and confidence
experience success (set them up for it)
goal setting
allow self selection of activity (give options so they don’t resort to sedentary)
what recommendations can be made for positive affect
monitoring emotional consequences
avoid comparison
verbal persuasion about capability
