Physical Development in Middle Childhood Flashcards
children leaner to read by learning letter-sound correspondence to decipher simple words
phonics approach
teaching reading by encouraging all language skills- talking, listening, reading writing
whole language approach
define learning goals and follow them
follow on orderly set of steps
learn details well
more Asian and Caucasian
analytical style
focus attention on whole pictures
will focus on what kids finds interesting
higher percentage of Native Americans, Hispanics, Black
relational style
about 7-11years old
thought is now more flexible, logical, and organized than it was in early childhood
concrete operational stage
can now understand that you can mentally undo some kind of mental or physical transformation
reversibility
can go from their own experience to a general principle
inductive logic
not yet as good; based on hypothetical premises, requires starting with general principle and then predictive some outcome
deductive logic
focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them, rather than just centering on just one
decenteration
capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse it, coming back to starting point
reversibility
principle that things are the same even if characteristics shift
identity
ability to order items according to a quantitative quality such as number, height, weight
seriation
organization of things into groups according to some characteristics they have in common
classification
Piaget’s idea that it takes kids a few years to apple new cognitive skills to all new kinds of things
Horizontal Decalage
ability to use short-term memory effectively
processing efficiency
ability to recall information from long-term memory without short term-memory capacity
automaticity
part of a larger process called executive process; information processing that allow people to devise strategies and carry them out
metacognition
fail to produce strategies when they could be helpful
production deficiency
sometimes produce strategies but not consistently
control deficiency
execute strategies consistently but performance does not improve
utilization deficiency
use strategies consistently and performance does improve
effective strategy use
repeating things to yourself
rehearsal
grouping related items
organization
creating a relationship or shared meaning between two or more pieces of information that are not members of same category
elaboration
focus of education from 6-12years of age in school
literacy
