Language in Toodlerhood Flashcards
form of communication based off a system of symbols
language
ability to produce an endless number of meaningful of meaningful sentences using finite sets of words/rules
infinite generativity
rules regarding how sounds are perceived as different and which sound sequence amy occur in language
phonology
unit of meaning involved in word formation; like making tense and number
morphology
meaning of words and sentence
ex: puppy and dog
semantics
appropriate use of language in context
pragmatics
sounds babies make in presence of caregiver; vowel sounds
cooing
special speech register we reserve for babies that simplifies normal speech
infant directed speech
infants start to gestures around how old?
8 months
pre-liguistic vocalizations varying in pitch
vocal play
consists of string of syllables that sounds increasingly like speech
cononical babbling
infants use adult-like stress and intonation
conversational babbling
about 10-12 months of age
seem to have consistent meaning for word trying to be expressed
protowords
understanding language
comprehension
speaking language
production
single word that stands in for a phrase that has different meaning depending on context
holophrase
using examples to draw conclusions about new cases
induction
child assumes the word prefers to the whole and not to its parts
whole object assumption
applying a definition too broadly to a word
overextension
child assumes that any given object has only one name
mutual exclusivity
apply a definition too strictly to a word
under extension
hallmarked by vocabularies that include a high proportion of nouns and speech that provides information and refers to things in the environment; more question-asking
referential
hallmarked by early vocabularies that have relatively more verbs and speech that uses social routines to communicate feelings and desires; more story telling
expressive
“vocabulary spurt” at what age?
18 months
