Intro Flashcards
lifespan development
studies how people change and stay the same from conception to death
physical development
ways in which body’s make-up, brain, nervous system, muscles, senses need for food and sleep to develop
cognitive
how growth/change in intellectual capabilities influence behaviors
enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another over lifespan; stays relatively stable
personality
social
person’s interactions with others and their social relations grow/change
prenatal
conception-birth
infancy/toddlerhood
birth-3
3-6
preschool period
middle childhood
6-12
12-20
adolescence
young adulthood
20-40
40-65
middle adulthood
later adulthood
65-death
2 main processes that cause us to change
maturation and learning
learning
permanent change as result of experience
maturation
developmental change because of aging
development happens gradually
continuity
discontinuity
development occurs in a series of breakthroughs
multidirectional
development is joint of growth and decline
multi dimensional
intricate blend of biology, psychology, social forces
quantitative
happens by degree
qualitative
fundamental change in degree
universality vs particularity
does everyone go through same developmental processes or does this vary across people and cultures?
development is..
PLASTIC
specific time period when a particular event has its greatest consequences and presence of certain stimuli is necessary
critical periods
sensitive periods
point in development when organisms are more susceptible to certain stimuli
events strongly related to age and therefore predictable
age graded influences
history graded influences
why people born in a cohort tend to be alike; affected by specific historical events
Sigmund Freud
psychodynamic perspective
behavior motivated by inner forces
psychosexual development
traditional behaviorism
John Watson and B.F. Skinner
classical and operant conditioning
Albert Bandura
social learning theory
Social Learning Theory
learning by observing the behavior of another…modeling
assimilation
people understand in the current state of their cognitive development
change in existing ways of thinking on response to a new stimuli
accomidation
focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Bioecological Approach
Urie Bronfrenbrenner
4 levels to environment
competence environmental press theory
there is a “best fit” between one’s abilities and demands placed on a person in their environment
longitudinal study
research design in which one participant of group is studied over a long period of time
participants are tested repeatedly over weeks or days, typically observing change directly as it occurs
microgenetic study
cross-sectional study
several age groups are studied at one tome… cohort effect
first tested cross sectionally but then studied again for no longer than 6 months- one year
cross-sequential
