Phys: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

All preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves release _________.

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

Postganglionic sympathetic nerves release ____.

Answer 2

Norepinephrine

Question 3

Nerves that release norepinephrine are called ____ nerves

Answer 3

Adrenergic

Question 4

Parasympathetic postganglionic nerves release _____.

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

nerves that release acetylcholine are called ______ nerves

Answer 5

Cholinergic nerves

Question 6

Almost all postganglionic sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine except _____ _____, _______ muscles, and select ______ _____.

Answer 6

Sweat glands, piloerector muscles, and select blood vessels

Question 7

Sympathetic preganglions are _____.

Answer 7

Short

Question 8

Parasympathetic postganglions are _____.

Answer 8

Short

Question 9

What does tone mean?

Answer 9

The basal rate of activity of each system

Question 10

Sympathetic tone causes about a 50% _______.

Answer 10

Vasoconstriction

Question 11

Increasing or decreasing tone can change _____ _____.

Answer 11

Vessel diameter

Question 12

Parasympathetic tone provides background ___ _____.

Answer 12

GI activity

Question 13

Dual innervation with ANS is

Answer 13

The two divisions working together to maintain homeostasis or get to get desired effect

Question 14

To get maximal effect from either parasympathetic or sympathetic, what is required?

Answer 14

Full stimulation from one and full stop of stimulation by the other

Question 15

Dual innervation of the pupil is

Answer 15

The size of the pupil being reciprocally controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 16

The pupil dilator muscle is innervated by

Answer 16

Sympathetic

Question 17

The pupil dilator muscle is innervate by

Answer 17

Sympathetic

Question 18

The pupil constrictor muscle is innervated by

Answer 18

Parasympathetic

Question 19

Activation of ______ __ receptors cause constriction of the radial muscle, which causes dilation of the pupil

Answer 19

Alpha 1

Question 20

Activation of pupil _______ receptors causes constriction of the sphincter muscle , which causes constriction of the pupil

Answer 20

Muscarinic

Question 21

When the bladder is filling with urine, ____ control predominates

Answer 21

Sympathetic

Question 22

When the bladder is full, _____ control predominates

Answer 22

Parasympathetic

Question 23

What organs have ONLY sympathetic innervation

Answer 23

Sweat glands, vascular smooth muscle, pilomotor muscles of the skin, liver, adipose tissue, and kidney

Question 24

Where is the control center of the ANS

Answer 24

Hypothalamus

Question 25

what are the four adrenergic receptors?

Answer 25

alpha 1 and 2 beta 1 and 2

Question 26

Alpha 1 receptors are for

Answer 26

activation

Question 27

Alpha 1 receptors are located on

Answer 27

-smooth muscles -GI and bladder -pupillary dilator

Question 28

Alpha 1 mechanism of action

Answer 28

Gq protein, stimulation of phospholipase C, and increase in inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and intracellular [Ca2+]

Question 29

Alpha 2 receptors are for

Answer 29

inhibition

Question 30

Alpha 2 receptors are located on

Answer 30

presynaptic nerve ending

Question 31

Alpha 2 autoreceptors are located in

Answer 31

sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals

Question 32

Alpha 2 heteroreceptors are located in

Answer 32

platelets, fat cells, and the walls of the GI tract

Question 33

Alpha 2 receptors are part of a ______ feedback loop with norepinephrine

Answer 33

negative

Question 34

Alpha 2 mechanism of action:

Answer 34

Gi protein, inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)

Question 35

Beta 1 receptors produce

Answer 35

excitation

Question 36

Beta 1 receptors are located in the

Answer 36

SA node, AV node, and ventricular muscle of the heart

Question 37

Beta 1 mechanism of action

Answer 37

Gs protein, stimulation of adenylate cyclase, and increase in cAMP

Question 38

Beta 2 receptors produce

Answer 38

relaxation

Question 39

Beta 2 receptors are located on

Answer 39

vascular smooth muscle of skeletal muscle, bronchial smooth muscle, and in the walls of the GI tract and bladder

Question 40

Beta 2 receptors mechanism of action:

Answer 40

Gs protein(note cute=kyle), simulation of adenylate cyclase

Question 41

Beta 1 and 2 use the same

Answer 41

mechanism

Question 42

What are the two types of muscarinic receptors

Answer 42

M2 and M3

Question 43

M2 receptors are located in

Answer 43

the heart

Question 44

M3 receptors are located in the

Answer 44

smooth muscle and glands

Question 45

M2 receptors are _____ in the heart

Answer 45

excitatory

Question 46

M3 receptors are ____ in the smooth muscle and glands

Answer 46

inhibitory