Neuro: Ventricular System And Case Flashcards
Lateral ventricles develop from the…
Telencephalon
Third ventricle develops from the…
Diencephalon
Cerebral aqueduct develops from…
Mesencephalon
The fourth ventricle develops from the…
Myelencephalon
Central canal precursor is the…
Spinal cord
The two lateral ventricles are connected with the _________ ventricle through two short channels called the_______________________
Third, interventricular foramina
The third ventricle forms the medial surface of the ___________ and _________________
Thalamus and hypothalamus
The third ventricle is connected to the ______ ventricle via narrow and short channel called the _____________________
Fourth, cerebral aquaduct
The fourth ventricle is located ______________ to the pons and ______ half of the medulla and _________ to the cerebellum
Posterior, upper half, ventral
About 70% of the CSF present in the brain and spinal cord is produced by the _________________
choroid plexus
The remaining 30% of CSF is secreted by the ________________ of the brain
parenchyma
The formation of CSF is an active process involving…
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase and specific transport mechanisms
The movement of CSF is ______________
Pulsatile
Flow of CSF:
-from lateral ventricles into 3rd ventricle via interventricular foramina
-flows through cerebral aqueduct into fourth ventricle where additions CSF is secreted
CSF leaves the fourth ventricle via the…
Foramina of luschka and magendie and enters the cisterna manga
CSF in the cisterna manga travels __________ over the cerebral hemisphere where it enters the ____________________
Rostrally, arachnoid villi
CSF also flows downward into the…
Subarachnoid space
Non-communicating hydrocephalus:
-obstruction of flow within the ventricular system
-ventricles cannot longer communicate with each other
-tight spaces often blocked
-large head when skull is still pliable
Communicating hydrocephalus
-impaired CSF reabsorbtion in the arachnoid granules
-obstruction of the flow in the subarachnoid space or by excess CSF production
Communicating hydrocephalus can happen following a…
Subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis
Normal pressure hydrocephalus is characterized by:
-wobbly gait
-urinary incontinence
-dementia
-enlarged brain ventricles
-normal or slightly elevated CSF pressure
Normal pressure hydrocephalus is most often found in _________ and is thought to result from a defect in….
Elderly, CSF resorption in arachnoid granulations
Normal pressure hydrocephalus may account for up to __% of dementias
6%
What is done as a diagnostic trial for normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Lumbar puncture with 30-50mL of CSF
Hydrocephalus Ex vacuo:
-Compensatory enlargement of the CSF spaces
-used to describe the increase in volume of CSF
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo is characterized by:
-enlargement of cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid spaces caused by encephalitis volume loss
Hydrocephalus Ex vacuo is related to:
-generalized brain degeneration
-encephalomalacia due to focal damage
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo is sometimes termed…
Hydrocephalus look-alike condition
Which of the following pairings is a correct description of the anatomy of the ventricular system?
A. The fourth ventricle was located between the midbrain and the cerebellum.
B. The third venticle was divided on the midline of the septum.
C. The cerebral aqueduct is located mainly within the diencephalon
D. The central canal is located mainly within the midbrain
E. the inferior horn is located whiting the temporal lobe
E.
