Ocular: Introduction

Question 1

Coronal plane

Answer 1

-Frontal plane
-Divides body into anterior and posterior

Question 2

Transverse plane

Answer 2

-Horizontal plane/axial plane
-divides body into inferior and superior

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

-longitudinal plane/vertical plane
-divides body into left and right

Question 4

X (horizontal axis) of the eye is responsible for

Answer 4

Elevation and depression

Question 5

Y(anterior-posterior) axis of the eye is used for

Answer 5

-torsional movements
-extortion/intorsion

Question 6

Z (vertical axis) of the eye is responsible for

Answer 6

-adduction/abduction

Question 7

Bulbar

Answer 7

Pertaining to the surface of the eye

Question 8

Palpebral

Answer 8

Pertaining to the surface of the lid

Question 9

Three segments/chamber of the eye:

Answer 9

-anterior chamber
-posterior chamber
-posterior segment

Question 10

Anterior chamber

Answer 10

-bounded in front by cornea
-posterior by iris and anterior surface of lens

Question 11

Posterior chamber

Answer 11

-lies behind the iris and surrounds equator of the lens
-separating from ciliary body

Question 12

Anterior and posterior chambers are….

Answer 12

Continuous with each other through the pupil

Question 13

Both anterior and posterior chambers contain ________________ produced by the _____________

Answer 13

Aqueous humor, ciliary body

Question 14

Aqueous humor provides…

Answer 14

Nourishment for the surrounding structures

Question 15

Posterior segment

Answer 15

-largest space
-lies adjacent to the inner retinal layer and is bounded in by the lens
-contains gel-like substance, vitreous humor

Question 16

Iridocorneal angle

Answer 16

-Circumferential region/space
-space between cornea and iris that regulates the flow of aqueous humor

Question 17

Layers/tunics of the eye:

Answer 17

-fibrous tunic (tunica fibrosa)
-vascular tunic (tunica vasculosa)
-neural tunic (tunica interna)

Question 18

Fibrous tunic

Answer 18

-cornea
-sclera

Question 19

Vascular tunic

Answer 19

-iris
-ciliary body
-choroid

Question 20

Neural tunic

Answer 20

Retina

Question 21

Sclera

Answer 21

-opaque
-protects, shapes, and anchors muscles to the eye

Question 22

Cornea

Answer 22

-transparent window for light refraction
-2/3rds total optical power of the eye

Question 23

Iris

Answer 23

-acts as diaphragm to regulate light entering pupil

Question 24

Ciliary body functions:

Answer 24

-accommodation
-aqueous humor production
-maintenance of zonules

Question 25

Choroid

Answer 25

-provide nutrients/remove waste from outer retina -passage of nerves/vessels -absorption of excess light -regulates emmetropization

Question 26

Retina

Answer 26

-absorbs photons of light -convert photons into neural signals -rods/cones -spatial encoding -10 retinal layers

Question 27

Optic nerve

Answer 27

-transmits all visual info to visual cortex -neurological reflexes (light and accommodation) -blind spot (secondary to absence of photoreceptors)

Question 28

Anterior pole of the globe

Answer 28

The reference point used to describe any eye movements

Question 29

Vitreous cavity takes up about ___ of the eye

Answer 29

80%

Question 30

Function of the vitreous cavity

Answer 30

-holds retina against the choroid -shock absorption -metabolite storage (antioxidants) -transmits and refracts light

Question 31

Limbus is the…

Answer 31

Region where sclera transitions to cornea

Question 32

Anterior segment contains:

Answer 32

Anterior chamber and posterior chamber

Question 33

Anterior segment contains:

Answer 33

Anterior chamber and posterior chamber