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Block 5 > Immuno: Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Immuno: Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Humoral immunity

A

An adaptive immune response mediated by antibodies

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2
Q

Humoral immunity is the…

A

Main defense against extracellular infections (extracellular bacteria and parasites)

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3
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

An adaptive immune response mediated mainly by Ag-specific T cells

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4
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is the…

A

Main defense against Intracellular infections (virus nad Intracellular bacteria)

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5
Q

B cells are differentiated in the..

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

B cells recognize _________________ without ________________

A

Proteins and CHO, presentation by MHC

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7
Q

B cells produce ______________ which produce _____________

A

Plasma cells, antibodies

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8
Q

T cells are differentiated in the…

A

Thymus

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9
Q

T cells only recognize _________ when __________________

A

Peptides, presented by MHC

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10
Q

CD4 + T cells

A

-helper T cells
-recruitment of other immune cells
-inflammatory response

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11
Q

CD8 + T cells

A

-cytotoxic T cells
-direct cellular killing

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12
Q

IL2 in B cell activation

A

-first step
-activate T cell

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13
Q

IL4 in B cell activation

A

-second step
-proliferation of B-cell
-class switching to IgE

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14
Q

IL5 in B-cell activation

A

-3rd step
-differentiation of B-cell
-class switching to IgA

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15
Q

Immunoglobulins (Ig) are also called ______________

A

Antibodies (Ab)

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16
Q

Antibodies are produced in response to __________________

A

Foreign invaders

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17
Q

Antibodies are ___________ for an antigen

A

Specific

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18
Q

Immunoglobulin that act as a B-cell receptors on the B-cell:

A

IgM and IgD

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19
Q

B-cell becomes stimulated whenever it encounters an _________

A

Antigen

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20
Q

Stimulated B-cell gives rise to…

A

Antibody secreting plasma cells

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21
Q

Antibodies are synthesized by B lymphocytes in 2 forms:

A
  1. Soluble (antibodies)
  2. Cell bound (BCR = B cell receptors)
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22
Q

Basic structure of Ig:

A

-Y shaped
-four polypeptide chains
-help together by disulfide bonds
-two regions: variable and constant regions

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23
Q

What forms the letter Y in Ig?

A

Two light (L) and two heavy (H) chains where two arms are linked by a hinge region

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24
Q

How many AA is L chain?

A

212-213 AA long

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25
Q

How many AA is H chain?

A

440 AA long

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26
Q

What does the variable region of Ig bind?

A

Antigen

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27
Q

What does the constant region of Ig do?

A

Involved in biological functions

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28
Q

5 classes of Ig:

A

IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, IgA

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29
Q

Antibodies bind AG in…

A

Pockets or grooves defined by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains

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30
Q

All Ig classes bind Ag in the same way via their….

A

Variable regions

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31
Q

Distinct classes of Ig have different _______________ and thus perform distinct biological functions

A

Fc segments

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32
Q

Structure of IgM

A

-Pentamers or monomers
-Joining chain (J chain) connects 5 identical monomers

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33
Q

IgM is is the ____ most common Ig in plasma

A

Third most common

34
Q

IgM is the first Ig to be made by:

A

-fetus
-virgin Ag-stimulated B-cells

35
Q

IgM has outstanding ________________ and _______________ and act as a ______

A

Complement fixation, agglutinating antibody, act as BCR

36
Q

Structure of IgG

A

-All monomers
-subclasses differ in # of disulfide bonds and hinge length

37
Q

Properties of IgG:

A

-major Ig in plasma that leads to secondary immune response
-fix complement
-toxin and virus neutralization

38
Q

IgG is the only Ig class to….

A

Cross placenta

39
Q

IgG is important becasue…

A

They can neutralize viruses and toxins and inhibit the infection in the cell

40
Q

Structure of IgA:

A

-monomers and dimers

41
Q

Monomer form of IgA is found in…

42
Q

Dimer form of IgA is found in…

A

Secretions

43
Q

Joining chain connects…

A

2 monomers

44
Q

The secretory protein in IgA is made in ______________ and aids in…

A

Epithelial cells, aids in transport and protects from degradation

45
Q

IgA is the _________ most common in Ig plasma

A

Second most common

46
Q

GA is the major class of Ig in _____________ and are important in __________________

A

Secretions, mucosal immunity

47
Q

IgA does not fix __________

A

Complement

48
Q

IgA transfers to babies through….

A

Breast milk

49
Q

IgA binds many organisms in __________________ and prevents their attachment and penetration of the ________________

A

External secretions, mucous membranes

50
Q

IgA binds bacteria and blocks it from…

A

Binding to cells and IgA-antigen complex is excerpted with the mucous

51
Q

IgA protease producers: (SHIN)

A

-streptococcus pneumoniae
-Haemophilus influenzae
-neisseria (gonorrheae and meningitidis)

52
Q

IgE structure:

53
Q

IgE is the…

A

Least common Ig in plasma

54
Q

IgE binds tightly to_____ receptors on ____________ and ________ cells

A

Fc,basophils, mast cells

55
Q

IgE is involved in:

A

-allergic reactions
-controlling parasitic infections

56
Q

IgE does not:

A

Fix complement

57
Q

IgE binds to __________ then eosinophils attack

58
Q

IgE from previous exposure is docked on…

A

Mast cells

59
Q

IgD structure

60
Q

IgD properties:

A

-low levels in plasma
-primarily on B-cell surfaces
-does not fix complement

61
Q

Immunological response in a nutshell:

A

-microorganisms penetrate innate barriers
-macrophages ingest and present antigen
-Ag activates specific memory Th and B cells
-plasma cells produce antibodies that are specific to a single antigen
-after
“Battle” only a few memory Bcells and T cells are left on guard for that antigen

62
Q

Four functions of antibodies in adaptive immunity:

A

-neutralize toxins
-enhance phagocytosis via Opsonization
-activate complement protein
-stimulate Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

63
Q

T cells are apart of the ____________ immune system

64
Q

Each T cell recognizes unique antigen via_______________

A

T cell receptors

65
Q

T cell emerge from thymus as ________________ and once they encounter an antigen they become _________________

A

Naive T cell, mature T cells

66
Q

T cells ONLY recognize ______________

67
Q

B typically binds…

A

Unprocessed Ag in native form

68
Q

CD8 T cells

A

Kill virus infected cells and tumor cells

69
Q

CD4 T cells

A

-produce cytokine
-activate other cells
-direct the immune responses

70
Q

TFH cells produce ________________________to produce strongly opsonizing antibodies belonging to certain IgG subclass

A

IFN-gamma activate B-cells

71
Q

TFH cells producing __________ drive B-cells to differentiate and produce IgE

72
Q

Activated CD4 T cells stimulate what 2 things, and activate what 1 thing?

A

-stimulate B-cell
-Stimulate CD8 Tcells
-activate macrophages

73
Q

Activated CD8 T cells kill:

A

-virus infected cells

74
Q

How do CD8 T cells kill virus infected cells:

A

-insert perforins
-insert granzyme
-insert granulysin
-produce Fas ligand

75
Q

Granzymes and granulysin induce and initiate ______________

76
Q

Cytotoxic T cells can recycle to…

A

Kill multiple targets

77
Q

Each killing via cytoxic T cells has same series of steps:

A
  1. Receptor binding
  2. Release of cytotoxic proteins store in granules
78
Q

Professional antigen presenting cells display fragments of antigens to various cells of the immune system through ____________

79
Q

What type of the Igs act as B cell receptors on naive cell B cell?

A

IgD adn IgM

80
Q

Which type of antibody will predominate during the secondary infection?

81
Q

A newborn derives passive immunity from its mother as a result of placental transfer of ______ during pregnancy

Block 5 (46 decks)

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