Immuno Acronyms Flashcards
Ab
Antibody
ADCC
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Ag
Antigen
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
What is AIDS?
End stage of HIV infection after CD4 T cell levels decline below 200 cells/microliter
AIRE
Autoimmune regulator transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
APC
Antigen presenting cell
B cells
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibody molecules or B memory cells
BCR
B cell receptor
What is a B cell receptor
slg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
CAM
Cell adhesion molecule
CD
Clusters of differentiation
What do clusters of differentiation do?
Designate cell-surface molecules on immune cells
CD4+ T cell
T cells that carry the co-receptor protein CD4 that recognize peptides derived from intro vesicular sources
CD4+ T cell can differentiate into…
CD4+ TH1 or CD4+ TH2 effector cells
CD4+ TH1 and CD4+ TH2 effector cells fully activate….
Macrophages and B cell responses to antigen
CD8+ T cell
T cells that carry the co-receptor protein CD8 and recognize antigens that are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell
CD8+ T cell differentiates into…
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells
CDR
Complimentary determining regions
What are complimentary determining regions
antigen binding loops of Ig molecules (antibodies and T cell receptors)
CMI
Cell mediated immunity
CRP
C-reactive protein
What is C-reactive protein?
Acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, which is a constituent of C-polysaccharide of bacteria S. Pneumonia, that triggers classical complement pathway activation and acts as an opsonin
CTL
Cytotoxic lymphocytes
What are cytotoxic lymphocytes?
CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells
DC
Dendritic cells
Fab
Fragment of antibody (fragment with antigen binding specificity)
Fas
Member of the TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes then susceptible to killing by cells expressing the Fas ligand
Fc fragment, Fc region
Crystallized fragment of antibody molecules antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of two heavy chain disulfides bonded to each other
Fcgamma receptors
Cell surface receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG molecules
Fcgamma receptors are expressed on…
Phagocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, follicular dendritic cells
*important in innate immunity, humoral immunity, and ADCC
FoxP3
Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
HAART
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
HLA
Human leukocyte antigen (name of MHC complex in humans)
ICAMs
Intracellular adhesion molecules
Intracellular adhesion molecules are…
Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins that are crucial in binding lymphocytes, and other leukocytes, to certain cells
IFN
Interferon, cytokine family that helps cells to resist viral infections
IFN-gamma
Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells
IFN-gamma functions
-Help IL-12 in TH1 differentiation and to fully activate macrophages
-enhance expression of MHC and components involved in Ag processing
Ig
Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B cell receptors bind
IL
Interleukin, general designation of several different cytokines
IR
Immune response
ITAMs
Immunoreceptor tyrosine - based activation motifs
LPS
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which is a cell wall component found on gram negative bacteria which stimulates TLR-4 gene on macrophages and dendritic cells
mtheta
macrophage
MAC
Membrane attack complex, end product of the complement cascade
MBL
Mannose-based lectin
Mannose-based lectin is a…
Soluble acute response phase protein that can bind mannose on pathogens, acting as an opsonin and can activate the lectin pathway of complement
MHC
Major histocompatibility complex
NFAT-c
Nuclear factor of activated T cells, transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
NFAT-c
Nuclear factor of activated T cells, transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
NFkB
Nuclear factor kB, transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
NFkB
Nuclear factor kB, transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
NK cells
Natural killer cell
PAMP
Pathogen associated molecular patterns, repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
PAMP
Pathogen associated molecular patterns, repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
PMN
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
PRR
Pattern recognition receptors, receptors on immune cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
RSS
Recombination signal sequences
RAG1, RAG2
Recombination activating genes, the two gene products that compromise the RAG complex
SLE
Systemic lupus erythematous- autoimmune disease where autoantibodies against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids form immune complexes
T cell
Thymus-derived lymphocyte
TAP (TAP-1, TAP-2)
Transporter associated with antigen processing
TH1 cells
Subset if CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce and are involved in activating macrophages and helping promote CTL responses
TH2 cells
Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce, involves in stimulating B cells to produce antibody effective against extracellular microorganisms
Treg
Regulatory CD4+ T cells
TCR
T cell receptor, the Ag receptor on T cells
TLR
Toll-like receptor, a family of pattern recognition receptors
TNF alpha
Tumor necrosis factor, a cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that are highly pro-inflammatory
