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Block 5 > Immuno Acronyms > Flashcards

Immuno Acronyms Flashcards

1
Q

Ab

A

Antibody

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2
Q

ADCC

A

Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

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3
Q

Ag

A

Antigen

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4
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

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5
Q

What is AIDS?

A

End stage of HIV infection after CD4 T cell levels decline below 200 cells/microliter

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6
Q

AIRE

A

Autoimmune regulator transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus

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7
Q

APC

A

Antigen presenting cell

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8
Q

B cells

A

B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibody molecules or B memory cells

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9
Q

BCR

A

B cell receptor

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10
Q

What is a B cell receptor

A

slg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells

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11
Q

CAM

A

Cell adhesion molecule

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12
Q

CD

A

Clusters of differentiation

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13
Q

What do clusters of differentiation do?

A

Designate cell-surface molecules on immune cells

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14
Q

CD4+ T cell

A

T cells that carry the co-receptor protein CD4 that recognize peptides derived from intro vesicular sources

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15
Q

CD4+ T cell can differentiate into…

A

CD4+ TH1 or CD4+ TH2 effector cells

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16
Q

CD4+ TH1 and CD4+ TH2 effector cells fully activate….

A

Macrophages and B cell responses to antigen

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17
Q

CD8+ T cell

A

T cells that carry the co-receptor protein CD8 and recognize antigens that are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell

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18
Q

CD8+ T cell differentiates into…

A

Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells

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19
Q

CDR

A

Complimentary determining regions

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20
Q

What are complimentary determining regions

A

antigen binding loops of Ig molecules (antibodies and T cell receptors)

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21
Q

CMI

A

Cell mediated immunity

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22
Q

CRP

A

C-reactive protein

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23
Q

What is C-reactive protein?

A

Acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, which is a constituent of C-polysaccharide of bacteria S. Pneumonia, that triggers classical complement pathway activation and acts as an opsonin

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24
Q

CTL

A

Cytotoxic lymphocytes

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25
Q

What are cytotoxic lymphocytes?

A

CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells

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26
Q

DC

A

Dendritic cells

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27
Q

Fab

A

Fragment of antibody (fragment with antigen binding specificity)

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28
Q

Fas

A

Member of the TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes then susceptible to killing by cells expressing the Fas ligand

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29
Q

Fc fragment, Fc region

A

Crystallized fragment of antibody molecules antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of two heavy chain disulfides bonded to each other

30
Q

Fcgamma receptors

A

Cell surface receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG molecules

31
Q

Fcgamma receptors are expressed on…

A

Phagocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, follicular dendritic cells
*important in innate immunity, humoral immunity, and ADCC

32
Q

FoxP3

A

Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function

33
Q

HAART

A

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy

34
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

35
Q

HLA

A

Human leukocyte antigen (name of MHC complex in humans)

36
Q

ICAMs

A

Intracellular adhesion molecules

37
Q

Intracellular adhesion molecules are…

A

Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins that are crucial in binding lymphocytes, and other leukocytes, to certain cells

38
Q

IFN

A

Interferon, cytokine family that helps cells to resist viral infections

39
Q

IFN-gamma

A

Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells

40
Q

IFN-gamma functions

A

-Help IL-12 in TH1 differentiation and to fully activate macrophages
-enhance expression of MHC and components involved in Ag processing

41
Q

Ig

A

Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B cell receptors bind

42
Q

IL

A

Interleukin, general designation of several different cytokines

43
Q

IR

A

Immune response

44
Q

ITAMs

A

Immunoreceptor tyrosine - based activation motifs

45
Q

LPS

A

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which is a cell wall component found on gram negative bacteria which stimulates TLR-4 gene on macrophages and dendritic cells

46
Q

mtheta

A

macrophage

47
Q

MAC

A

Membrane attack complex, end product of the complement cascade

48
Q

MBL

A

Mannose-based lectin

49
Q

Mannose-based lectin is a…

A

Soluble acute response phase protein that can bind mannose on pathogens, acting as an opsonin and can activate the lectin pathway of complement

50
Q

MHC

A

Major histocompatibility complex

51
Q

NFAT-c

A

Nuclear factor of activated T cells, transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription

52
Q

NFAT-c

A

Nuclear factor of activated T cells, transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription

53
Q

NFkB

A

Nuclear factor kB, transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes

54
Q

NFkB

A

Nuclear factor kB, transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes

55
Q

NK cells

A

Natural killer cell

56
Q

PAMP

A

Pathogen associated molecular patterns, repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells

57
Q

PAMP

A

Pathogen associated molecular patterns, repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells

58
Q

PMN

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules

59
Q

PRR

A

Pattern recognition receptors, receptors on immune cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes

60
Q

RSS

A

Recombination signal sequences

61
Q

RAG1, RAG2

A

Recombination activating genes, the two gene products that compromise the RAG complex

62
Q

SLE

A

Systemic lupus erythematous- autoimmune disease where autoantibodies against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids form immune complexes

63
Q

T cell

A

Thymus-derived lymphocyte

64
Q

TAP (TAP-1, TAP-2)

A

Transporter associated with antigen processing

65
Q

TH1 cells

A

Subset if CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce and are involved in activating macrophages and helping promote CTL responses

66
Q

TH2 cells

A

Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce, involves in stimulating B cells to produce antibody effective against extracellular microorganisms

67
Q

Treg

A

Regulatory CD4+ T cells

68
Q

TCR

A

T cell receptor, the Ag receptor on T cells

69
Q

TLR

A

Toll-like receptor, a family of pattern recognition receptors

70
Q

TNF alpha

A

Tumor necrosis factor, a cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that are highly pro-inflammatory

Block 5 (13 decks)

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