Immuno: HIV

Question 1

Acquired Immunodeficiency occurs later in life and is a result of…

Answer 1

Infections, burns, malnutrition, or chemotherapy

Question 2

Acquired immunodeficiency causes loss or inadequate function of…

Answer 2

Various components of the immune system

Question 3

AIDs stands for:

Answer 3

A: acquired not inherited
I: weakens the immune system
D: creates a deficiency of CD4+ cells in the immune system
S: syndrome or group of illnesses taking place at the same immune system

Question 4

HIV stands for:

Answer 4

H = human
I = immunodeficiency virus weakening immune system and increase risk of infection
V = virus that attacks body

Question 5

HIV is a _____________ that uses ___________________ to convert RNA -> DNA

Answer 5

Retrovirus, reverse transcriptase

Question 6

HIV-1:

Answer 6

-common globally
-high infectivity and virulence

Question 7

HIV-2:

Answer 7

Africa ?? (Thats all it says lmao)

Question 8

Natural host for HIV

Answer 8

Humans

Question 9

HIV infects _________ cells

Answer 9

CD4+ T helper cells

Question 10

HIV infected individuals are at higher susceptibility risk for…

Answer 10

Unique opportunistic infections

Question 11

Patients with HIV have incidence of cancers such as ___________

Answer 11

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 12

HIV is diploid as it carries two copies of ________________

Answer 12

+ standard RNA

Question 13

RNA tightly bound to key enzymes:

Answer 13

-reverse transcriptase
-aspartete protease: cleavage of proteins
-integrase: integrate viral DNA onto host cell DNA

Question 14

HIV is ________ shaped and has multiple copies of _____ protein

Answer 14

Conical shaped, p24 protein

Question 15

Antibodies against p24 help in _____________and do NOT ______________

Answer 15

Diagnosis, neutralizing virus

Question 16

gp120 binds:

Answer 16

-CD4 T cells
-chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4

Question 17

gp41 is responsible for:

Answer 17

Fusion with host membrane to allow viral entry

Question 18

gp120 and gp41 are located in the cap of enveloped _______________

Answer 18

Glycoproteins

Question 19

gp120 and gp41 are formed from a single protein (____)then cleaved

Answer 19

gp160

Question 20

Gene for gp120 mutates _______where the V3 loop portion is highly _______________

Answer 20

Rapidly, immunogenic

Question 21

gp120 is involved in:

Answer 21

High yield antigenetic variation

Question 22

3 routes of transmission of HIV:

Answer 22

1. Sexual contact
2. Blood exposure
3. Perinatal

Question 23

Number 1 mode of transmission for HIV?

Answer 23

Male-male transmission

Question 24

What percent of people are asymptomatic in HIV initial infection?

Answer 24

10-60%

Question 25

Acute HIV is ______weeks after exposure

Answer 25

4-6 weeks

Question 26

HIV becomes AIDs whenever CD4 is < ______

Answer 26

200cell/mm

Question 27

Window period of HIV?

Answer 27

3-8 weeks where antibodies to HIV have not yet developed but person can still infect others

Question 28

CD4 set point:

Answer 28

Higher the CD4 count -> longer time to develop AIDs

Question 29

Viral set point:

Answer 29

Lower the viral set point -> longer time period to develop AIDs

Question 30

Current CDC recommendations for HIV testing

Answer 30

4th generation test

Question 31

4th generation test tests for:

Answer 31

-p24 antigen and HIV antibodies

Question 32

If 4th generation test is negative then:

Answer 32

Nucleic acid test is needed

Question 33

If nucleic acid test is positive then:

Answer 33

HIV infection is confirmed