Immuno: Innate Immunity Flashcards
Innate immunity is the…
First line of defense that is present at birth
Adaptive immunity is the…
Second line of defense that is acquired as a result of exposure
Time of response and memory of innate immunity:
-rapid (0-4 hours)
-no immunologic memory (1st and 2nd infection have same responses)
Time of response and memory of adaptive immunity:
-slower (>96 hours)
-immunologic memory (2nd time infected the response is faster and stronger)
Antigen specificity and lag time of innate immunity:
-NOT antigen specific (same cells have same reaction to many invaders)
-no lag time, immediate maximal response
Antigen specificity and lag tome of adaptive immunity:
-antigen specific response (unique cells activated to a single invaders)
-there is lag time between exposure and response
Anatomical and chemical barriers to innate immunity:
-mechanical factors
-chemical factors
-biological factors
Cellular components of innate immunity:
-neutrophils
-monocytes and macrophages
-NK cells
-eosinophils
Plasma proteins in innate immunity:
-cytokines
-compliment proteins
Structural defenses of the innate immune system respond to..
Nonspecific foreign substances
Mechanical barriers to prevent infection in the skin and gut:
-Epithelial cells joined by tight junctions
-longitudinal flow of air or fluid
Chemical barriers to prevent infection in the skin:
-fatty acids
-anti-microbial peptides
Chemical barriers to prevent infection in the gut:
-low pH
-antimicrobial enzymes
-antimicrobial peptides
Mechanical barrier to prevent infection in the lungs:
-epithelial cells joined by tight junctions
-movement of mucus by cilia
Mechanical barrier to prevent infection in the eyes, nose, and oral cavity:
-epithelial cells joined by tight junctions
-tears and nasal cilia
Chemical barriers tot prevent infection in lungs:
-pulmonary surfactant
-antimicrobial peptides
Chemical barrier to prevent infection in the eyes, nose and oral cavity:
-antimicrobial enzymes in tears and saliva
-antimicrobial peptides
Microbiological barriers to prevent infection in skin, gut, lungs, eyes, nose, and oral cavity:
-normal microbiota
Goblet cells
Secrete slimy and sticky mucus that trap the pathogen
Cilia
Hair-like projections that move in a wavy fashion that take the pathogen to the pharynx to spit out or swallow
Sebum
Oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that form a protective layer over the skin
Why does sebum contain unsaturated fatty acids?
To inhibit growth of certain pathogenic bacteria and fungi
Dermcidin
A sweat gland, Produces sweat
Low skin pH is caused by…
Lactic acids and fatty acids