PHYS 5 The adrenal gland Flashcards
what does each zone secrete?
Axes with adrenal gland is?
under what control? via?
cortisol secretion
stimulated by?
what type of feedback does cortisol do?
effects what tissues? effect on each?
circadian rhythm of cortisol
when is it high? low?
exogenous glucocorticoids have what feedback?
exogenous administration can cause what to happen?
ex of synthetic glucocorticoids?
regulation of aldosterone secretion
secretion caused by what pathways?
stims what part of adrenal cortex?
Symptoms and signs of Cushing’s syndrome
tests for cushing syndrome/disease?
L- tells what? doesn’t tell?
H- tells us what?
consequences of glucocorticoid excess
HPA axes for 3 different tumors what happens to the hormones at each level?
1 with exogenous glucocorticoid administration
etiologies of Cushing’s syndrome
(4 main types)
High-dose dexamethasone suppression test
tells us what? why?
Plasma ACTH concentration in patients with Cushing’s syndrome
CD- level?
AT- level?
EA- level?
primary action of aldosterone is?
aldosterone gets receptor where?
after binding what happens?
this allows what to happen?
existing pumps?
result is?
ACTH
produced where?
derived from?
type of hormone?
ACTH can then be broken down into?
what may you see in Addison’s disease?
perhaps due to melanin from ACTH
use what test to detect adrenal gland insufficiency?
how would you do this?
what are the possibilities?
normal HPA axes release?
1st degree adrenal insufficiency
HPA axes?
what is wrong?
2nd or 3rd degree adrenal insufficiency
HPA axes?
effect?
causes of 1st-degree adrenal insufficiency
(______ disease)
(4)
what can cause two of these causes to happen?
treatment of adrenal insufficiency
usually treated by?
in 2nd degree?
aldosterone pathologies
Hyper- types? name of a syndrome?
Hypo- causes? (3)
pathologies related to aldosterone
Chronic adrenal insufficiency? what is it? diagnosed by? symptoms? treatment?
excess secretion of aldosterone? 2 types? treatments?
blood level of things in both?
use what to detect primary hyperaldosteronism
what two symptoms will make us investigate down flowchart?
pathways for synthesis of steroid hormones by adrenal cortex
all congenital adrenal enzyme deficiencies are characterized by? due to?
rare but extremely dangerous cause of hypertension?
Pheochromocytoma
most are? some are?
what is released? causes?
adrenal medulla produces
mainly?
E- responds to? such as?
influences?
synthesis of catecholamines is under control of?
what stimulates what?
release triggered by?
norepinephrine and epinephrine are synthesized where?
NE and E are synthesized in different cellular compartments
rate-limiting step?
NE made where?
E made where?
degradation of catecholamines
how long do they last before?
what enzymes? what products? what is peed out?
what measured shows total catecholamine production
pheochromocytoma confirmed by?
contributions of a pheochromocytoma in relation to sypathetic nerves and other tissues to the production of circulating catecholamines and catecholamine metabolites
catecholamine receptors
what receptors respond better to NE?
both the same?
E more?
Physiological actions of NE and E
stress response and the HPA axis
short-term
long-term
