HIST 1 Endocrine Organs Flashcards
Endocrine Organs?
Endocrine versus Nervous system
both influence what?
differ by?
Nervous system does this by?
Endocrine system does this by?
how do they act? faster? slower?
some neurons secrete?
Classes of hormones?
(3)
what is each types chemical makeup?
which is the largest class?
Controlling hormonal release
3 main stimuli?
the release is controlled or stimulated by?
endocrine gland organization
type of cells?
arranged in?
derived from?
vascularized?
Hypothalamus
Primary site where?
location
is below? behind? and surrounding?
responsible for?
Pituitary gland also called?
located where?
shape? housed within?
connected to?
how?
partitioned structurally and functionally into?
Direct targets of hypothalamic hormones
directly influences? (3)
how does the hypothalamus influence these?
indirect targets of hypothalamic hormones
type of hormone?
act on what? inhibit or stimulate?
organs or cells stimulated by these? (5) maybe plus 1
melanocytes
pituitary origin
(embryology)
what happens by 3 weeks?
by 8 weeks?
this joins what?
what does the infundibulum form?
what forms the rest of the pituitary?
different hormones at what weeks?
anatomy of the pituitary
anterior pituitary constitutes how much of the gland?
comprised of what cells?
controlled by?
posterior comprised of? from?
these carry?
the lower middle black bar is a remnant of?
major cell types in anterior pituitary?
(5)
S- secrete?
T- secrete?
C- secrete?
G- secrete?
M- secrete?
what is the name of this whole structure?
cells?
top bar? produces?
2nd?
3rd?
4th?
tissue?
located where?
in adults?
function?
2 features? epithelium?
frequently has what?
tissue?
continuous with? via?
consists of? (black bars)
tissue?
does what?
what two portions?
NP- also called? part of?
connecting? consists of?
AP- location? form?
consists of what type of cells? arranged in?
pars tuberalis?
blood supply to hypophysis?
what is this? (a ps)
what is the steps in the pathway from hypothalamus
to general circulation? (through blood supply)
(5)
blood supply to hypophysis: hypothalamo-Hypophyseal portal system
posterior pituitary gland
what tract for release?
hormones?
steps for release? what blood supply is used?
(4)
pituitary disorders
(2)
cause of each?
what determines type of growth?
tissue?
what is it?
shape? size?
role in?
covered with?
synthesizes?
consists of what histo?
CG- what is this? located? show up when? important?
thyroid anatomy and blood supply
shape?
location? (below? anterior to?)
blood supply is from?
general regions?
left lobe, isthmus, right lobe of thyroid gland
tissue?
characterized by structures called? these consist of what cells? (type of epithelium)?
surrounding?
this contains?
only gland that does what? these hormones functions?
thyroid hormone synthesis and turnover
generated and stored where? as?
synthesized where? then what modification?
what happens at the apical surface?
this forms?
what hormone allows release of thyroid hormones? how?
released where?
cell?
lie where?
secrete? when?
what action does this have?
how? (3)
hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-thyroid axis
what type of feedback?
starting with a stimulus (low body heat) explain what would happen?
Thyroid pathologies
(3)
G- what is it? symptoms? more common in?
H- what is it? symptoms?
Go- what is it? caused by?
top picture lower black bar/ upper middle lower picture.
lay where?
release?
how many?
major importance in regulating what?
blood supply?
parathyroid
cell types?
c- release? when secreted? stops when?
O- function?
Calcium regulation by PTH
When blood level is lower than what?
what gland releases what into?
this regulates Ca how? (4)
when blood calcium increases?
right side is hormone secreted left side is anatomy
what gland?
divided into what? (2)
Adrenal cortex
color? due to?
what is secreted here? vital?
3 zones?
ZG- releases? influences? big example? this is in response to?
ZF- releases? influences? released under control of? example? works on?
ZR- releases? influence?
Adrenal medulla
location?
consists of what cells primarily? what is this the target of?
when stimulated what happens?
these do what?
two types of cells?
which is larger?
granules?
more electron dense?
suprarenal gland syndromes
(2)
A- is what? what drops?
causes?
C- due to? characterized by? symptoms?
organ?
makes up most of the gland? aids in?
organized into what structures?
other function? organized into?
located where?
endocrine pancreas
pancreatic hormones help with?
type of cells?
A- secrete? when? stims?
B- secrete? when? causes?
D- secrete? this does what? stimed by?
F- secrete? which does what?
pancreatic blood supply
(2)
other endocrine organs/cells?
(6)
what does each release
G, H, GT, P, K, S
