BCHM 1 Hormone Signaling Pathways

Question 1

Hormones

what type of molecule?

synthesized and secreted by?

result in the leads to what response?

how much hormone to alter cell metab?

magnified via?

Answer 1

Question 2

steps in cell signaling?

from synthesis to termination?

Answer 2

Question 3

types of signaling

example for each?

more than one type?

Answer 3

Question 4

hormones by solubility?

examples?

Answer 4

Question 5

hydrophilic hormone signaling

interact with receptors where? why?

examples?

signaling molecule-receptor complex initiates production of?

this triggers?

hydrophilic hormones type of receptors?

Answer 5

Question 6

Lipophilic hormone signaling

bind to receptors where? why?

examples?

hormone-receptor complex acts as?

families of DNA binding transcription factors? (2)

both regulate what?

Answer 6

Question 7

general mechanisms of lipophilic and hydrophilic signaling

two types

what kind of molecules for each?

receptor location and type?

Answer 7

Question 8

Hydrophilic medications

half lives?

2 examples

lipophilic medications

half life?

example?

Answer 8

Question 9

GPCR signaling

what subunits?

inactive what is bound? to where?

to become active?

what helps this happen?

when active what happens?

inactivate how?

accelerated by?

Answer 9

Question 10

variations in GPCR signaling

(4)

act through what?

Answer 10

Question 11

6 different physiological effects of activating G protein-coupled receptors

what binds the receptor? what receptor? what effect?

Answer 11

Question 12

receptor tyrosine kinase

structure and location? different domains?

binding of ligand causes?

this does what to what residues?

these are recognized by? which activate what pathways?

both trigger what?

signaling terminated by?

Answer 12

Question 13

primary structure of insulin

what main structures in primary structure?

linked together by?

length of each?

Answer 13

Question 14

secondary and tertiary structure

stored as? active from?

Answer 14

Question 15

insulin synthesis and secretion

start with? (real early)

which turns to?

transferred into?

turns into?

what happens then transported where?

packaged into immature granules where it is cleaved into?

Answer 15

Question 16

regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion

after glucose stimulation insulin released in what phases?

what pools of insulin present?

differ how?

Answer 16

Question 17

how does glucose get into cells? (type of transport)

ATP works on what channel? this is a target for?

activates what channel?

goes to what?

Answer 17

Question 18

RAS-dependent insulin signaling

insuling binds to? which SU

which causes?

these are recognized and bound by what protein?

what happens to the protein?

this is recognized and bound by? activating?

results in?

IRS-2?

Answer 18

alteration in gene transcription one example is increased transcription of glucokinase

Question 19

RAS-independent insulin signaling

insulin binds to? causes?these recognized and bound by?

phosphorylated IRS-1 recruits what? this does what?

these are bound by? and act as what? stimulate?

PKB does what?

(2)

Answer 19

Question 20

termination of insulin signaling?

how?

fate of the receptors?

insulin does what to them?

Answer 20

Question 21

what is insulin resistance?

what is measured to figure out if normal or not?

mechanisms?

4 red

3 blue!!

Answer 21

Question 22

Nuclear receptors

include what receptors?

classification based on?

N- types of ligands? ex?

O-types of ligands? ex?

other type of receptor?

Answer 22

Question 23

nuclear receptors

located where?

if C, ligand binding to the receptor is followed by?

important what targets?

diseases involved with problems?

Answer 23

Question 24

molecular structure of NRs

basic structure? (3)

L- binds to what? this causes?

A- binds to? what does it do?

D- binds to? where?

dimers?

Answer 24

Question 25

Question 26

primary vs secondary response to steroid hormones?

Answer 26

Question 27

Estrogen receptor

major types?

both come from where (transcription)

both are _________ transcription factors

which one can substitute for the other?

Answer 27

Question 28

ERs

which is most abundant? in which tissues?

many cells express?

final biological effect mediated by?

what leads to diseases?

ligands show different affinity?

expressed in breast cancer?

Answer 28

Question 29

mechanism of action of ER

agonist vs antagonist pathway

example of each?

Answer 29

Question 30

molecular mechanism of action of nuclear estrogen receptor

genomic effects

ER exists as what in nucleus?

ligand binds receptor causes what? ER-DNA complex recruits? this modifies what structure? what activity increases?

it recruits proteins that comprise the? leading to enhanced?

some evidence that ER located where? then?

Answer 30

Question 31

antagonist of the ER ex?

binding of this to ER produces what difference?

what different proteins recruited to complex?

these recruit what proteins?

these proteins act on what and do what?

Answer 31

Question 32

ER signaling pathways

Non-genomic

located where?

belong to what type of receptors?

effects mediated through?

Answer 32