BCHM 2 Steroid biosynthesis

Question 1

Short-term vs Long-term stress response by adrenal glands

short term (how short?) what is released?

Long term?

Answer 1

Question 2

Nuclear receptor signaling

how many nuclear receptors?

active-repression vs basal expression vs target-gene activation

Answer 2

48

Question 3

Molecular mechanism of Drug-Drug interactions in patients on combination therapy

PXR-ligands? cause what to happen?

Answer 3

Question 4

expression level of what is central to mediating class of drug-drug interactions

substrates?

Answer 4

Question 5

how much of clinically prescribed drugs are metabolized by CYP3A4 enzyme?

Answer 5

Question 6

PXR liver biology

Blood what enters? through what receptor?

Answer 6

Question 7

steroid hormones are derived from?

linear progression- what enzyme? to what enzyme?

then when it splits to types? types and ex steroids with what unique structure?

Answer 7

Question 8

the enzyme that changes cholesterol to?

founds where?

catalayzes what? is what?

regulated by?????

Answer 8

Question 9

HPA axis?

what does each release what feedback? via?

Answer 9

Question 10

biochemical actions of ACTH

short-term- (2)

Long-term- (1)

Answer 10

Question 11

ACTH normal cell + stim vs a tumor cell (cancer)

Answer 11

Question 12

cellular mechanisms involved in biosynthesis of adrenal steroids

to pregnenolone to progesterone (enzymes)

what type of enzymes from progesterone to other adrenal steroids?

How many of these genes present?

Answer 12

57 CYP (p450) genes

Question 13

steroid hormones and their biology (5 types)

will bind to?

action?

Answer 13

Question 14

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

caused by?

normal infants- what happens? this alters? stimulates what?

what population affected by syndrome?

what is wrong? prevented by?

Answer 14

Question 15

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Women with mild CAH often present with?

this is?

female patients also present with?

fetus risk for CAH- determined using? excess what?

Answer 15

Question 16

CAH

clinical severity depends on?

classical CAH- (2)

Non-classical CAH- (3)

Answer 16

Question 17

Adrenal hyperplasia treatment

even mild can result in?

treatment?

Answer 17

Question 18

CAH

autosomal?

caused by?

most involve what?

what specific genes? which is more common in CAH?

Answer 18

Question 19

defects on hormone synthesis cause?

CAH mutant what can cause build up of?

we will have what build up then?

Hypertenstion in CAH? due to?

Answer 19

Question 20

11 b-hydroxylase deficiency

what has MR ligand activity?

in a deficiency what would be present though?

which has higher affinity for MR?

Answer 20

Question 21

95% is due to what deficiency?

CAH with this we would have reduced synthesis of?

elevated?

abnormal accumulation?

what is seen? whY?

Answer 21

Question 22

steroid hormone blood transporter proteins

transport glucocorticoid hormones? and?

sex steroids?

both of these made where?

Answer 22

Question 23

gene mutation and steroid biosynthesis

most important biochemical intermediate?

substrate for?

Answer 23

Question 24

CAH

altered what characteristics in?

more rare forms of CAH caused by?

of note?

Answer 24

Question 25

ILD?

autosomal?

causes?

males?

both sexes?

why not CAH?

Answer 25

Question 26

17, 20 lyase does what?

Answer 26

Question 27

regulation of steroid hormone synthesis in ovaries and testes?

Answer 27

Question 28

steroid hormone synthesis in females and males?

Females- hypothalamus? releases? (what inhibits this) pituitary releases? (what inhibits this? stims?) what two steroids released? what stims?

Males- hypothalamus? releases? (what inhibits) pituitary? what inhibits? what two steroids? what stims release?

Answer 28

Question 29

obtain what through diet? through skin?

what happens exclusively in the liver? what enzyme? from what gene?

in kidney?

Answer 29