PHYS 1 Hypothalamic Pituitary Relationships CIS Flashcards
pituitary gland is a complex endocrine structure
pituitary other name?
composed of? what is each portion name
physical connection between hypothalamus and pituitary?
cancers of pituitary expand where? and against what?
often associated with what symptoms?
connection between hypothalamus and posterior lobe are what type?
posterior pituitary collection fo what?
cell bodies located where? what regions? (2)
secrete what? (2)
relationship between hypothalamus and anterior lobe of pituitary is what?
anterior pituitary is a collection of?
secretes what hormones?
connected to hypothalamus by?
the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels provide how much of blood supply to anterior pituitary?
two important implications
hypothalamic-pituitary relationships are all about what?
they are maintained at a set point via?
hypothalamic neurons often secreted in what manner? and entrained to?
disorder and where the defects in hormonal secretion lie?
Anterior lobe hormones
each hormone secreted by different what? except?
(5)
organized in families according to?
(3)
hypothalamus ——–> pituitary target ——-> secretion
release of what will target what pituitary cell and cause secretion of what?
(5 pathways)
acromegaly
rare?
caused by?
characterized by?
recognized early?
acromegaly symptoms
acromegaly
GH stimulates what?
regulation of growth hormone secretion
hypothalamus will release what? (2)
causing anterior pituitary to do what?
what causes more release? less?
Pathophys of acromegaly slide
diagnosis of acromegaly
why is IGF-1 measured initially?
what confirms the diagnosis of acromegaly?
if positive then see what on MRI?
surgery to remove a pituitary tumor
intiial treatment for most patients is? via?
if tumor is > 1 cm what is considered?
medications for acromegaly
pharmacological approaches used to treat work by?
3 types?
which one not that effective?
GH is secreted from? in what manner?
each peak in plasma GH concentration reflects what?
integrated amount of GH secreted each day is ____ during pubertal growth than in _____?
higher when?
pathophysiology of growth hormone
GH deficiency
decreases in secretion of what? due to?
failure to generate?
resistance to what? why?
GH excess
mostly due to?
consequences depend on?
before puberty?
after?
growth hormone has multiple metabolic functions
what effect? causes? decrease in? increase in?
results in?
increased what and growth of? increased uptake? stimulates? mediated by?
increase what growth? stims synthesis of? increases ____ where? mediated by?
nutritional status is an ipmortant determinant of?
fasting what would increase/decrease?
hyperprolactinemia suppresses?
how?
normal vs hyperprolactinemia
summary of control of hypothalamic-anterior pituitary hormones
hormone and then function (increases of decreases)
(7)
pituitary adenomas
most what are these?
occur when?
classified according to? (3)
pituitary adenomas
hormone-producing pituitary adenomas release?
symptoms usually?
ex?
types of pituitary adenomas
(5) each associated with stim of what cell? and release of what hormone?
clinical consequences of pituitary failure
(5)
causes of hypopituitarism
(8)
try to think of things that would damage or affect normal function
sheehan syndrome
happens when? due to?
most patients present with?
some patients present with?
what is deficient? (picture)
Agalactorrhea- lactation failure of defficiency
amenorrhea- absence of menstruation
posterior lobe hormones
what type?
cell bodies are located where?
regulation of oxytocin secretion
in hypothalamus (where) what form is it in here?
what kind of alteration? then what happens?
then travels through? alterations here?
arrives in? in what form?
released as? what target tissues?
ADH concerned with regulation of?
hypothalamus. what form here? alteration?
travels through? alterations
goes to? released as?
target tissues?
triggers of ADH secretion
(3)
what receptors for each? sends what neuron where?
these stim? and release ADH
actions of ADH
what nucleus? secretion triggers?
most sensitive to what changes?
ADH will work on what two things?
causing what?
urea and electrolytes?
mechanism of action of ADH in renal collecting duct
ADH binds?
causing what to happen?
H2O goes through what apical?
what basolateral?
which side is next to capillary?
normal conditions ADH
Hyperosmolarity or?
(too little or too much water?)
what detects? what releases what?
kidneys? plasma osmolarity and thirst
Hypoosmolarity or?
same questions
volume expansion and contraction vs normal and ADH secretion
pathophysiological changes in ADH secretion?
what is it?
causes?
two types of diabetes insipidus
C- is what? could result from?
treatment?
N- is what? causes? treatment?
water deprivation test for DI
what is it?
graph which shows difference between normal and different types?
differential diagnosis following water deprivation test
pathophysiological changes in ADH secretion not DI
what is it?
which results in?
what feedback doesnt work?
