PHYS 2 Thyroid Gland Flashcards
Thyroid gland
produces?
functional unit? surrounded by? filled with? size?
also contains what cells? secrete what?
blood supply?
thyroid hormones are synthesized by?
colloid is composed of?
epithelium sits on?
secretory products of the thyroid gland are? (one term for both)
which reaction is quicker?
pathway for either? (synthesis)
two locations for synthesis?
major secretory product?
conversion of T4 to T3. where?
what gets changed?
occurs through the action of what?
break down of sources of T3 (percentages)
provides T3 for uptake when?
peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
clinical states associated with reduction in conversion? (3)
synthesis of thyroid hormones complex
basolateral has what transporters?
apical?
7 steps for synthesis.
when iodide is restricted what formation is favored?
what mimics dietary I- deficiency?
inhibitor of I trap? (what receptor)
what inhibits the function of peroxidase?
effective treatment for hyperthyroidism
High levels of I-?
levels of iodine/iodide in thyroid gland
trap?
leak?
colloid? (T3/T4)
follicle cell? (T3/T4)
TG stored in colloid last how long?
the activity of the thyroid gland assessed by?
transport of thyroid hormones
circulate in bloodstream?
equillibrium between bound and free?
main binding proteins?
(3)
most common synthesized where? higher affin for?
most circulating TH is? half-lifes?
Circulating levels of TBG can be assessed how?
how is this performed?
changes in blood levels of TGB and free TH in clinical scenarios
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
!!!!!!!!
changes in blood levels of TGB alter what?
hepatic failure? TGB blood level?
free T3/4? followed by?
Pregnancy? TGB blood level?
bound T3/4? free?
causes?
total levels of T3 and T4 do what? but?
person is said to be _____?
Major control of synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone is via the?
Role of TSH is?
TSH is regulated by?
TSH secretion occurs at? in contrast to?
actions of TSH on the thyroid gland
second messenger?
2 types of actiosn on thyroid gland?
trophic effect= growth
summary of factors affecting thyroid hormone secretion
Stimulatory factors (3)
inhibitory factors (6)
TH hormones cause synthesis of?
New proteins? of note?
in cardiac muscle cells?
liver and adipose?
actions in human body of TH?
Thyroid hormones effect on BMR?
how? how long does it take to do this? how long does it last?
Hyperthyroidism leads to?
hypothyroidism?
actions of TH on metabolism
lipid? (4)
Carbohydrate?
(2)
cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormones
indirect (4) and direct effects (3)?
T3 can do what which will increase what?
TH stimulate synthesis of what receptors?
causes?
Thyroid hormones additional effects?
(2)
G- how?
C-TH important for? deficiency during what period causes what to happen?
Hyperthyroidism
due to?
primary hyperthyroidism?
secondary hyperthyroidism?
TSH levels? should be? opposite if?
Grave’s disease
is what? what is causing this to happen?
TSH levels?
Graves disease
major clinical signs? (know scientific name)
diagnosed by?
presence of? distinguishes from what?
causes of hypothyroidism
2 type?
p? (4)
O- (3)
treatment of hypothyroidism?
higher dose required for?
if overprescribed to who it can cause what?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
what is it?
another characteristic? has what effect?
cretinism
causes?
symptoms?
what results in cretinism
Hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency
leads to?
what hormone level elevated or depressed?
what is present?
in general
Hyperthyroidism does what?
hypothyroidism?
Goiter
can develop in response to?
including?
TSH test is used for?
