Photosynthesis A2 Flashcards
adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis
lots of stomata thin transparent cuticle air spaces in lower mesophyll space large surface area xylem for input of water
structures in a chloroplast
thylakoid inner and outer membrane grana intergranal lamellae stroma
shape and use for thylakoid and an adaptation
disc like structures. 1st stage of photosynthesis. large surface area
adaptations of inner and outer membranes
large surface area and permeable
shape of intergranal lamellae
tubular structure between grana
shape and adaptations for stroma and purpose
fluid filled matrix
2nd stage here
contains enzymes for photosynthesis
where does light dependant stage happen
thylakoids
steps in light dependant stage of photosynthesis minus photolysis
light absorbed by chlorophyll electrons excited electrons leave chlorophyll they pass along electron protein carriers photoionisation of chlorophyll some energy released used to make ATP catalysed by ATP synthase
purpose of photolysis
provides protons to reduce NADP and electrons to replace those lost from chlorophyll
what molecules does light dependant reaction need
NADP, ADP, Pi and water
what molecules does light dependant reaction make
NADPH, ATP and oxygen
which products from light dependant reaction are used for light independent reaction
NADPH and ATP
where does the light independent stage take place
the stroma
steps in light independent reaction
CO2 combines with RuBP (5C) using rubisco
makes 2X GP
GP is reduced to make 2X TP (3C), ATP and NADPH used. ATP supplies energy for reaction, NADPH reducing agent
some TP used to make glucose other used to regenerate RuBP
what are the products of light independent reaction
glucose
what molecules does the light independant reaction need
ATP, CO2 and RuBP
how do you track the stages of photosynthesis
radioactive carbon dioxide is incorporated into the new compounds
how does a higher temperature increase rate of photosynthesis/respiration
more kinetic energy
more enzyme substrate complexes formed
what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis
light, temperature, CO2 concentration and chlorophyll
what is the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere
0.04%
what is the optimum concentration of CO2 for photosynthesis
0.1%
what is the usual limiting factor of photosynthesis for plants
CO2 concentration
similarities between respiration and photosynthesis
use and release ATP use chain or electron carriers controlled by enzymes use redox reactions involve cycles of reactions
equipment used to measure CO2 produced or O2 absorbed by plants for photosynthesis
photosynthometer
method used to separate pigments
chromatography
ways to make sure you chromatography doesn’t go wrong
level of solvent should be below starting line
starting line should be pencil
stop before solvent front reaches top of paper
why do leaves have pigments of different colours
to absorb many different wavelengths of light
