Photosynthesis A2

Question 1

adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis

Answer 1

lots of stomata
thin
transparent cuticle
air spaces in lower mesophyll space
large surface area
xylem for input of water

Question 2

structures in a chloroplast

Answer 2

thylakoid
inner and outer membrane
grana
intergranal lamellae
stroma

Question 3

shape and use for thylakoid and an adaptation

Answer 3

disc like structures. 1st stage of photosynthesis. large surface area

Question 4

adaptations of inner and outer membranes

Answer 4

large surface area and permeable

Question 5

shape of intergranal lamellae

Answer 5

tubular structure between grana

Question 6

shape and adaptations for stroma and purpose

Answer 6

fluid filled matrix
2nd stage here
contains enzymes for photosynthesis

Question 7

where does light dependant stage happen

Answer 7

thylakoids

Question 8

steps in light dependant stage of photosynthesis minus photolysis

Answer 8

light absorbed by chlorophyll
electrons excited
electrons leave chlorophyll
they pass along electron protein carriers
photoionisation of chlorophyll
some energy released used to make ATP
catalysed by ATP synthase

Question 9

purpose of photolysis

Answer 9

provides protons to reduce NADP and electrons to replace those lost from chlorophyll

Question 10

what molecules does light dependant reaction need

Answer 10

NADP, ADP, Pi and water

Question 11

what molecules does light dependant reaction make

Answer 11

NADPH, ATP and oxygen

Question 12

which products from light dependant reaction are used for light independent reaction

Answer 12

NADPH and ATP

Question 13

where does the light independent stage take place

Answer 13

the stroma

Question 14

steps in light independent reaction

Answer 14

CO2 combines with RuBP (5C) using rubisco
makes 2X GP
GP is reduced to make 2X TP (3C), ATP and NADPH used. ATP supplies energy for reaction, NADPH reducing agent
some TP used to make glucose other used to regenerate RuBP

Question 15

what are the products of light independent reaction

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

what molecules does the light independant reaction need

Answer 16

ATP, CO2 and RuBP

Question 17

how do you track the stages of photosynthesis

Answer 17

radioactive carbon dioxide is incorporated into the new compounds

Question 18

how does a higher temperature increase rate of photosynthesis/respiration

Answer 18

more kinetic energy

more enzyme substrate complexes formed

Question 19

what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis

Answer 19

light, temperature, CO2 concentration and chlorophyll

Question 20

what is the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

Answer 20

0.04%

Question 21

what is the optimum concentration of CO2 for photosynthesis

Answer 21

0.1%

Question 22

what is the usual limiting factor of photosynthesis for plants

Answer 22

CO2 concentration

Question 23

similarities between respiration and photosynthesis

Answer 23

use and release ATP
use chain or electron carriers
controlled by enzymes
use redox reactions
involve cycles of reactions

Question 24

equipment used to measure CO2 produced or O2 absorbed by plants for photosynthesis

Answer 24

photosynthometer

Question 25

method used to separate pigments

Answer 25

chromatography

Question 26

ways to make sure you chromatography doesn’t go wrong

Answer 26

level of solvent should be below starting line
starting line should be pencil
stop before solvent front reaches top of paper

Question 27

why do leaves have pigments of different colours

Answer 27

to absorb many different wavelengths of light