Digestion AS

Question 1

Define digestion

Answer 1

the hydrolysis of larger/insoluble substances into smaller soluble ones

Question 2

enzymes used in starch digestion

Answer 2

amylase (salivary and pancreatic) and maltase

Question 3

where is amylase produced

Answer 3

salivary glands and the pancreas

Question 4

where is maltase produced

Answer 4

epithelial lining of the small intestine

Question 5

what does amylase do

Answer 5

hydrolyses starch to maltose

Question 6

what does maltase do

Answer 6

hydrolyses maltose to alpha glucose

Question 7

why is ATP used in the absorption of glucose

Answer 7

used to cotransport glucose in

Question 8

process of cotransport

Answer 8

sodium ions actively transported out of the epithelial cell into blood with Na/K pump. forms diffusion gradient for sodium to enter epithelial cells to enter from lumen which couples with glucose. glucose enters the blood with facilitated diffusion.

Question 9

process of digestion of proteins

Answer 9

hydrolysis of peptide bonds. endopeptidase hydrolyse internal peptide bonds of polypeptides into smaller peptide chains. exopeptidase removes external amino acids. dipeptidases hydrolyse dipeptidase into amino acids.

Question 10

process of lipids digestion

Answer 10

lipids are split into smaller droplets with bile.
faster hydrolysis
micelles carry fatty acids and glycerol through membrane
fatty acids and glycerol enter the intestine through digestion

Question 11

process of absorption of lipids

Answer 11

golgi body modifies triglycerides
combines with proteins to form chylomicrons
they are packaged for exocytosis or forms vesicle
chylomicrons
chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system eventually draining into the circulatory system
triglycerides hydrolysed by an enzyme in the endothelial layer of capillaries
fatty acids diffuse into cells