DNA - Mutations and Stem Cells

Question 1

define substitution mutation

Answer 1

replacement of a base by a different base

Question 2

define missense mutation

Answer 2

incorrect amino acid inserted

Question 3

define nonsense mutation

Answer 3

stop-codon is produced early

Question 4

define silent mutation

Answer 4

same amino acid coded for due to degenerate code

Question 5

define deletion mutation

Answer 5

as base is deleted which causes a frame-shift which alters all the following triplet codes

Question 6

how does frame-shift cause a non-functional protein

Answer 6

incorrect codons
incorrect amino acid sequence
change in amino acid sequence
change in hydrogen, ionic and disulphide bonds
alters tertiary structure
non-functional enzyme formed

Question 7

define stem cell

Answer 7

undifferentiated cells

will keep dividing and replacing themselves

Question 8

process of stem cell treatment

Answer 8

produce healthy cells or normal polypeptide
no faulty cells or defective polypeptide produced
stem cells continuously divide