Meiosis As

Question 1

define meiosis

Answer 1

makes 4 daughter cells (gametes)
haploid cells (half the number of chromosomes of parents

Question 2

what is the importance of meiosis

Answer 2

it halves the number of chromosomes
diploid number is restored in fertilisation
introduces variation through crossing over and independent segregation of chromosomes

Question 3

differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 3

chromosome number remains the same / cells produced diploid in mitosis
chromosome number halved in meiosis
cells produced identical in mitosis not in meiosis
mitosis is 1 division and 2 cell meiosis is 2 divisions and 4 cells
mitosis is used in body cell formation meiosis in gamete formation

Question 4

in meiosis or mitosis does the chromosome number stay the same

Answer 4

mitosis

Question 5

in meiosis or mitosis are the cells produced diploid

Answer 5

mitosis

Question 6

in meiosis or mitosis does the chromosome number half

Answer 6

meiosis

Question 7

in meiosis or mitosis are the cells produced haploid

Answer 7

meiosis

Question 8

in meiosis or mitosis are the cells produced identical

Answer 8

mitosis

Question 9

in meiosis or mitosis are the cells produced non identical

Answer 9

meiosis

Question 10

in meiosis or mitosis is there only on division

Answer 10

mitosis

Question 11

in meiosis or mitosis are two cells produced

Answer 11

mitosis

Question 12

in meiosis or mitosis is there two divisions

Answer 12

meiosis

Question 13

in meiosis or mitosis are four cells produced

Answer 13

meiosis

Question 14

is mitosis or meiosis used for body cell formation

Answer 14

mitosis

Question 15

is mitosis or meiosis used in gamete formation

Answer 15

meiosis

Question 16

define non disjunction meiosis

Answer 16

can lead to mutations in the number of chromosomes

Question 17

define polyploidy

Answer 17

changes in the whole sets of chromosomes

organisms have 3 or more sets of chromosomes

Question 18

define meiosis 2

Answer 18

like mitosis except starts with cells with half the number of chromosome
ends with gametes

Question 19

define meiosis 1

Answer 19

like mitosis except chromosomes line up in homologous pairs in metaphase

Question 20

define homologous pairs

Answer 20

2 chromosomes together that carry the same genes

Question 21

what happens during meiosis 1 in anaphase

Answer 21

chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of cell

Question 22

what happens during independent segregation

Answer 22

maternal and paternal chromosomes are reshuffled in and combination

Question 23

what happens during crossing over

Answer 23

chromatids get twisted and exchange alleles between homologous chromosomes producing a new combination of alleles

Question 24

what creates variation in meiosis

Answer 24

crossing over

independent segregation

Question 25

what is the formula to work out the number of possible combinations of chromosomes for each daughter cell

Answer 25

2^n where n is the number of pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 26

what is the formula for the number of possible combinations made from the fertilisation of 2 gametes from separate individuals

Answer 26

(2^n)^2 where n is the number of homologous chromosomes