Cells As

Question 1

Parts of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

cell surface membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, rough endoplastic reticulum, smooth endoplastic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi body and golgi vesivles, lysosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell vacolue, starch grains

Question 2

Parts of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

cell wall, capsule, cell membrane, flagellum, circular DNA, plasmid, cytoplasm, circular DNA

Question 3

what makes up a nucleus

Answer 3

nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, neucleoplasm, chromatin, nucleolus

Question 4

function od nucleus

Answer 4

store of genetic information, site of DNA replication and transcription to RNA

Question 5

Define plasmid

Answer 5

small circles of DNA used to exchange DNA between bacterial cells

Question 6

define circular DNA

Answer 6

contains genetic information to let cells replicate. not associated with protein

Question 7

define cytoplasm

Answer 7

contains enzymes for metabolic reactions

Question 8

define flagellum

Answer 8

tail for movement

Question 9

define ribosomes

Answer 9

8OS type in eukaryotic and 7OS in prokaryotic make proteins

Question 10

define capsule

Answer 10

thick polysaccharide layer outside of the cell for protection and groups of bacteria stick together

Question 11

define rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

surface ribosomes bind to. pathway for transport of materials around the cell

Question 12

define smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

makes, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates

Question 13

define golgi body

Answer 13

modifies polypeptide chains into mature proteins. sorts and ships lipids for secretion. makes enzymes. forms glycoproteins

Question 14

define lysosomes

Answer 14

break down and recycle material in the cell

Question 15

why a cold solution for centrifugation of a cell

Answer 15

slows enzyme activity from digesting organelles

Question 16

why isotonic solution when centrifuging cells

Answer 16

prevents osmosis bursting or shrinking organelles

Question 17

why a buffer solution for centrafugation of a cell

Answer 17

prevents proteins/anzymes denaturing maintains pH

Question 18

why homogenise when centrifuging cell

Answer 18

break open cells and release content

Question 19

ehy filter when centrifuging cells

Answer 19

removes unbroken cells and larger cell debris

Question 20

stages in protein production

Answer 20

nucleus then ribosome then RER then golgi body before leaving via exocytosis

Question 21

structures in a chloroplast

Answer 21

double plasma membrane, grana (stacks of thylakoids) and stroma (fluid filled matrix) and DNA

Question 22

Compare DNA in chloroplasts and nucleus

Answer 22

DNA in chloroplasts is shorter, fewer genes, circular not linear, not associated with protein, no introns

Question 23

adaptations of an epithelial cell for absorption

Answer 23

microvilli, any mitochondria for active transport, carrier proteins, cotransport, membrane-bound enzymes

Question 24

cell wall in plants

Answer 24

made of microfibrils of cellulose, middle lamella thin layer mars boundary between adjacent cells and cements them together

Question 25

what is the cell wall in algae made of

Answer 25

cellulose, glycoproteins or both

Question 26

what is the cell wall of fungi made of

Answer 26

chitin, glycan and glycoproteins

Question 27

functions of a vacuole in plants

Answer 27

support - turgid, temporary food store, pigments

Question 28

what is the membrane binding the vacuole called

Answer 28

tonoplast