Photosynthesis Flashcards
what are chemoautotrophs
oxidation of inorganic compounds as energy source
what are photoautotrophs
using light as energy source
describe the structure of chloroplasts (3)
thylakoid
grana
stroma
what is the thylakoid
flattened fluid filled sacs
what is grana
thylakoids make up grana
describe the grana
grana has high surface area, has pigment, enzymes and electron carrier
- lots of pigment + site of ATP synthase
what is in the stroma (6)
enzymes sugars organic acids small ribosomes loop of DNA lipids
describe the location and overall reactions in light dependant reactions
thylakoid membrane
- photolysis of water
- photophosphorylation in synthesis of ATP
- carrier molecule NADP
describe cyclic photophosphorylation (7)
PSI involved; light energy absorbed; electron excited; emitted from chlorophyl; chain of electron carriers; ATP synthesis; electron returns to PSI;
how are photosystem arranged (4)
pigments in light harvesting clusters;
primary pigment;
accessory pigment;
photosystem located in thylakoid;
describe non cylic photophosphorylation (5)
both photosystems involved; photolysis of water; H+ released from PSII; e- released from PSI; e- + H+ combine to NADP;
purpose of reduced NADP (3)
reduced GP;
TP formed;
in stroma;
purpose of accessory pigments (3)
pass energy to reaction centre;
absorb different wavelengths;
form light harvesting cluster;
where is the location of light independant reactions
stroma
describe the calvin’s cycle
RuBP + RuBisCo + co2 –> GP –> (rNADP - NADP) (ATP –> ADP + P) 2(TP) –> (ATP –> ADP) RuBP
what is triose phosphate used for (3)
glucose
amino acids
lipids
factors affecting photosynthesis (5)
supply of co2 water light energy photosynthetic pigment temperature
how does temperature affect rate of photosynthesis
photosynthesis increases due to enzymes more active
best combo = high light + high temp.
adaptations of leaves able to consume more carbon dioxide
leaves able to consume more carbon dioxide
- thinner leaves
- more stomata
- more chloroplasts
definition of limiting factors
a substance in shortest supply that affects the rate of photosynthesis
how do you measure the rate of photosynthesis
using gas syringe to collect oxygen produced from plant
describe bundle sheath cells in mesophyll
mesophyll cells surround bundle sheath cells
what is present in bundle sheath cells (3)
carbon dioxide
RuBP
RuBisCo
what takes place in bundle sheath cells
calvin cycle
describe the process to avoid photorespiration (6)
RuBP and RuBisCo is kept away from oxygen in bundle sheath cells
carbon dioxide absorbed by mesophyll cells
mesophyll cells contain PEP carboxylase - high optimum temp.
PEP carboxylase catalyse carbon dioxide + PEP → oxaloacetate
converted to malate
malate decarboxylated and passed to RuBP by RuBisCo
how do you find Rf value
distance travelled by substance/distance travelled by solvent
describe the method for chromatography (10)
Grind leaf; Use solvent (organic); Leaf extract contains mixture of pigment; Concentrate extract; Pencil line drawn; Paper places in jar of solvent; Solvent rises up paper; Each pigment travels in different speed; Calculate Rf value; Compare values;