Gas Exchange Flashcards

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1
Q

name the diagram for lungs

A

ok

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2
Q
which ones have cartilage
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
A

trachea

bronchi

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3
Q
which ones have ciliated epithelium
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
A

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

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4
Q
which ones have goblet cell
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
A

trachea

bronchi

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5
Q
which ones have smooth muscles
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
A

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

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6
Q

which ones have elastic fibres

A

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

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7
Q

structure and function of alveoli

A

elastic fibres = recoil/force air out
constant flow of blood = maintaining gradients
thin walls = faster diffusion

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8
Q

what are short term effects of smoking

A

tar
carbon monoxide
nicotine

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9
Q

appearances of short term effect of smoking

A

tar deposits/scar tissue/damaged cilia/mucus accumalated

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10
Q

describe effect of tar

A

settles on epithelial lining and leads to lung cancer

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11
Q

describe effect of carbon monoxide

A

forms carboxyhaemoblogin
reduce oxygen carrying capacity
causes platelets and neutrophils to stick together
competitive binding

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12
Q

describe effects of nicotine

A

increase heart rate
increase blood pressure
makes platelets sticky
less blood flow to fingers/toes

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13
Q

what are long term effects of smoking

A

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

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14
Q

describe chronic bronchitis

A

tar stimulates goblet cells to secrete more mucus
cleaning action is affected
many cilia destroyed and mucus accumulates
damaged epithelia is replaced by scar tissue = thickening of air ways

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15
Q

describe emphysema

A

constantly infected lungs caused by infection cause phagocytes to line air ways from blood
digesting enzyme elastase released - destroyed elastin fibre to make pathway for phagocytes
alveoli don’t recoil/stretch - bursts

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16
Q

how does lung cancer occur

A

tar contains carcinogen
carcinogen causes oncogene to under mutation
uncontrollable mitosis - blood vessels

17
Q

treatments to lung cancer

A

bronchoscopy
chest x ray
CT scan

18
Q

which has irregular plates and incomplete ring

A

bronchus

19
Q

which has incomplete rings only

A

bronchioles