Cell Structure

Question 1

maximum resolution of light microscopy

Answer 1

200nm

Question 2

maximum resolution of electron microscopy

Answer 2

0.5nm

Question 3

maximum magnification of electron microscopy

Answer 3

2.5 x 10^5 nm

Question 4

definition of resolution

Answer 4

the ability to distinguish two objects very close together

Question 5

definition of magnification

Answer 5

number of times greater an image is to actual object

Question 6

structure of nucleus

Answer 6

surrounded by two nuclear membrane with nuclear pores

Question 7

function of nucleus

Answer 7

controlling activites in the cell

Question 8

exiting out the nucleus

Answer 8

mRNA and ribosomes

Question 9

entering the nucleus

Answer 9

nucleotides, ATP, ribosomes and hormones

Question 10

RER (size,structure of ribosome, function)

Answer 10

(25nm) ribosomes made of rRNA and protein. site of protein synthesis. ribosomes don’t have membrane. cisternae found.

Question 11

SER

Answer 11

makes lipids, steroids and hormones

Question 12

golgi body (structure/function)

Answer 12

flattened sacs that collects, modified and sorts molecules. converts sugars to cell wall components.

Question 13

size of lysosomes

Answer 13

0.1-0.5um with single membrane

Question 14

size of mitochondria

Answer 14

1um

Question 15

endosymbiont theory

Answer 15

mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria so they have 70S ribosomes and circular DNA

Question 16

function of mitochondria

Answer 16

aerobic respiration, porin on the outer membrane, and selective inner membrane

Question 17

cell surface membrane (size/function)

Answer 17

(7nm) controls exchange between cell and environment with partially permeability

Question 18

microvilli a type of ? cell

Answer 18

epithelial

Question 19

microtubules (size/function)

Answer 19

(25nm) long rigid tubules for support, transport and nuclear division

Question 20

MTOCs

Answer 20

assembly of microtubules

Question 21

microtubules formation

Answer 21

tubulin –> dimers –> protofilament

Question 22

chloroplasts (size/function)

Answer 22

(3-10um) surrounded by two membrane for photosynthesis

Question 23

cell wall (structure/function)

Answer 23

fibres of cellulose to prevent bursting

Question 24

vacuole (structure/function)

Answer 24

plant vacuole surrounded by tonoplast. animal vacuole small and temporary. filled with salt, gases and enzymes. regulates osmotic properties.

Question 25

only present in animal cells

Answer 25

lysosomes, centrioles, centrosomes, microvilli

Question 26

only present in plant cells

Answer 26

plasmodesmata, chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall

Question 27

present in prokaryotes (7)

Answer 27

circular DNA, peptidoglycan cell wall, plasmid, 70S ribosomes, pili, capsule, flagellum

Question 28

size of prokaryotes

Answer 28

0.5-5um

Question 29

size of plant cells

Answer 29

40um

Question 30

size of animal cells

Answer 30

20um

Question 31

size of virus

Answer 31

20-300nm

Question 32

conversions

Answer 32

mm –> um –> nm (x1000)

Question 33

ATP is made of

Answer 33

adenine, phosphate group, ribose sugar