Infectious Diseases

Question 1

definition of disease

Answer 1

an illness of the body or mind that leads to poor health affecting mental and physical health

Question 2

definition of infectious disease

Answer 2

disease caused by organism

Question 3

definition of non infectious disease

Answer 3

disease caused by inherited/genetic

Question 4

organism causing cholera

Answer 4

(bacteria) vibrae cholerae

Question 5

organism causing measles

Answer 5

(virus) morbillivirus

Question 6

organism causing malaria

Answer 6

(parasite) plasmodium

Question 7

organism causing tuberculosis

Answer 7

(bacteria) mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 8

organism causing HIV/AIDS

Answer 8

virus

Question 9

how is cholera transmitted

Answer 9

contaminated water/faeces

Question 10

how is measles transmitted

Answer 10

moist infected water droplets/placenta

Question 11

how is malaria transmitted

Answer 11

female mosquito bite

Question 12

how is tuberculosis transmitted

Answer 12

inhaling infected water droplets/unpasteurised milk

Question 13

how is HIV/AIDS transmitted

Answer 13

sexual intercourse/sharing needles

Question 14

symptoms of cholera

Answer 14

diarrhoae
dehydration
fatigue

Question 15

symptoms of measles

Answer 15

white spots in cheeks

watery eyes

Question 16

symptoms of malaria

Answer 16

headaches
fever
nausea

Question 17

symptoms of tuberculosis

Answer 17

coughing blood
weight loss
fever

Question 18

symptoms of HIV/AIDS

Answer 18

sweating
weight loss
fever

Question 19

solution to cholera

Answer 19

chlorinated water supply

vaccines

Question 20

solution to malaria

Answer 20

drugs used in combination
drain ditches to avoid mosquito breeding
spray

Question 21

solution to tuberculosis

Answer 21

increase cleanliness

pasteurised milk consumption

Question 22

solution to HIV/AIDS

Answer 22

education on stigma

contraceptives/condoms

Question 23

describe the problems with HIV/AIDS

Answer 23

no vaccine/cure
HIV has high mutation rate
vertical transmission (mother to child)
symptomless carriers
need contact tracing
need to provide condoms
need education

Question 24

how do antibiotics work

Answer 24

they interfere with growth/metabolism of the bacteria

Question 25

how does penicillin act on bacteria (8)

Answer 25

``` cell walls made of peptidoglycan held by cross links penicillin prevents cross links between peptiglycans inhibit enzymes to rebuild autolysins make holes in cell wall - becomes weaker (cross links don't form) water enters by osmosis high pressure cell wall bursts ```

Question 26

why does penicillin not affect viruses (3)

Answer 26

it prevents cross links from forming in cell wall production viruses don't have cell walls viruses reproduce by living inside eukaroytic cells so they are unaffected by antibiotics

Question 27

how do bacteria gain antibiotic resistance (5)

Answer 27

``` incomplete treatment not all bacteria is killed mutation selection of resistant bacteria resistant bacteria reproduce ```

Question 28

how do avoid antibiotic resistance

Answer 28

use only when necessary complete treatment change the types of antibiotics avoid selling in pharmarcies - need prescription make sure patients don't keep antibiotics

Question 29

how can bacteria transfer their resistance to other bacteria

Answer 29

vertical/horizontal transmission

Question 30

describe vertical transmission

Answer 30

resistant parent cell divides by mitosis produced two identical daughter cell with resistance by plasmid

Question 31

describe horizontal transmission

Answer 31

resistant and non resistant bacteria conjugate and a DNA strand of plasmid is passed and bacteria synthesises complementary strand

Question 32

impacts of antibiotic resistance

Answer 32

deaths and long stays in hospital