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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

In which plant organ does photosynthesis occur?

A

The leaf

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2
Q

Why are plants green?

A

They contain chlorophyll

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3
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Water + carbon dioxide (+light) ——> glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

6H2O + 6CO2 ——> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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5
Q

Where is light absorbed?

A

In the chlorophyll pigments locates in the chloroplasts

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6
Q

Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

A

ENDOTHERMIC

Energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light

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7
Q

How does water get to the leaves?

A

Water absorbed by OSMOSIS from soil to roots

Absorbed from roots to XYLEM by osmosis

Water driven by EVAPORATION from leaves, up the stem

Osmosis from xylem to PALISADE cells

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8
Q

How does carbon dioxide get to the leaves?

A

DIFFUSE through STOMATA into air spaces in leaves

Dissolved on surface of SPONGY MESOPHYLL

Diffuses to PALISADE CELLS from spongy mesophyll

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9
Q

Uses of Glucose used in a plant?

A

Building plant cells

Some stores as starch

Releases energy through respiration for :
Repair
Metabolic processes
Growth

Used to make:
Amino acids
Fats
Cellulose for plant walls

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10
Q

What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

A

Waxy later which prevents water loss but allows light through

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the upper epidermis?

A

Narrow layer

Few chloroplasts

Sunlight passes by through

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12
Q

What is the function of the palisade layer?

A

Contains many chloroplasts so is where most photosynthesis happens

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13
Q

Characteristics of the spongy mesophyll?

A

Contains few chloroplasts

Walls are saturated with water

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14
Q

Characteristics of the lowers epidermis?

A

Thin

Few chloroplasts

Many stomata and guard cells

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15
Q

What happens in the air spaces in leaves?

A

Gases diffuse freely here

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16
Q

What is the function of the guard cells?

A

Open and close the stomata pores

17
Q

What is the function of the phloem?

A

Takes soluble food from the leaf to the rest of the plant where it is needed

18
Q

What is the function of the xylem?

A

Brings back water and dissolved minerals to the leaf from the root

19
Q

What is the function is the stoma?

A

Allow gases to diffuse in and out

Mainly on the LOWER SURFACE

20
Q

What enters the leaf through the stomata?

A

Carbon dioxide

21
Q

What exits the leaves through the stomata?

A

Oxygen

Water vapour

22
Q

Why does glucose need to be converted into starch?

A

For storage to provide energy to the plant when it is dark so photosynthesis can’t happen

23
Q

Adaptations of a leaf?

A

LARGE SURFACE AREA

WAXY CUTICLE prevent too much water loss

CHLOROPLASTS on top of leaf

chloroplasts contain CHLOROPHYLL

leaves are THIN less diffusion distance

STOMATA ON BOTTOM of leaf to reduce water loss from transpiration

XYLEM

GUARD CELLS

SPNGY MESOPHYLL is not tightly packed to provide large surface area

24
Q

Main factors that affect photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide concentration

Light intensity

Temperature

25
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

A variable which, of increased, will increase the rate of the process it affects

26
Q

Why does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

It gives the particles more KINETIC ENERGY so they collide more

27
Q

LIGHT INTENSITY =

A

1
—————————
Distance squared

28
Q

What are the possible limiting factors for photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity

Temperature

Carbon dioxide concentration

Chlorophyll levels in the leaf

29
Q

What factors can we control in a green house?

A

CO2 - burn natural gas

Temperature- heat room

Water amounts

Light intensity- lamps

Amount of minerals- nitrate fertilisers

Insects - spray pesticides

30
Q

What factors can’t we control in a green house?

A

High temperature

Plant density

31
Q

Why are greenhouses useful?

A

Can control rate of photosynthesis

Refuse amount of limiting factors

Produce more food

32
Q

What are the problems of using a greenhouse?

A

Expensive

33
Q

What is a polytunnel ?

A

A substitute for giant greenhouses for g owing crops

It is made from plastic

34
Q

Why do plants grow faster in polytunnels?

A

It is hot

Carbon dioxide concentration can be controlled

35
Q

What is hydroponics?

A

Growing plants in water rather than soil so you can control the amount of nutrients in it to maximise the growth rates of the plant

36
Q

Advantages of growing crops in an artificial environment?

A

Maximised growth rate

Plants can grow all of the time

Grow lots of food

37
Q

Disadvantages of growing crops in an artificial environment?

A

Expensive as lots of energy is needed

Plants are close to each other so shade each other

Diseases can spread easily

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