Cell Transport

Question 1

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange in the lungs?

Answer 1

LARGE SURFACE AREA

SHORT DISTANCE over which diffusion must happen. Walls are only one cell think

Blood takes oxygen away so there is a LARGE CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE. Breathing maintains conc difference

Question 2

What is the definition of osmosis?

Answer 2

The net movement of WATER from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water ALONG A GRADIENT, through a PARTIALLY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

Question 3

What is surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 3

How many times larger or smaller the surface area is compare to the volume

Shapes with a larger surface area to volume ratio you will have a faster rate of diffusion (smaller things)

The bigger the total volume the smaller the surface area to volume ratio

Question 4

Why do you large organisms require exchange services and transport systems?

Answer 4

Because diffusion is very slow overlarge distances so the cells are very far from outside surfaces so they cannot solely rely on diffusion

Question 5

What is an exchange surface?

Answer 5

Specialise surface where substances move into out of the organism

Question 6

What is the transport system?

Answer 6

I mean by which materials are moved from an exchange surface to cells located throughout the organism

Question 7

What are some adaptations of the small intestines?

Answer 7

LARGE SURFACE AREA

GOOD BLOOD SUPPLY

SHORT DIFFUSION DISTANCE

HAVE MICROVILLI - further increase surface area

Question 8

What are the adaptations of gills?

Answer 8

LARGE SURFACE AREA

GOOD BLOOD SUPPLY

SHORT DIFFUSION DISTANCE

fish move or flap gills which maintains CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE

Question 9

How are roots adapted?

Answer 9

LARGE SURFACE AREA

SHORT DIFFUSION DISTANCE

XYLEM VESSELS remove water and minerals

Question 10

What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?

Answer 10

Take oxygen in and release carbon dioxide

Question 11

What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine ?

Answer 11

To increase the surface area of the small intestines so it can absorb food molecules faster

Question 12

What is the function of fish gills?

Answer 12

Allow Fish to absorb oxygen from the water and use it for energy

Question 13

What is the function of plant roots?

Answer 13

Absorb water into the plants

Question 14

What is the definition of diffusion

Answer 14

The net movement of particles of a gas also used from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient

Question 15

What substances diffuse into animal cells?

Answer 15

Oxygen

Water

Glucose

Amino acids

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 16

What Substances diffuse out of animal cells?

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide

Water

Urea

Question 17

What factors increase the rate of diffusion?

Answer 17

HIGHER TEMPERATURES- particles have more energy so collide more

LARGER SURFACE AREA

BIGGER CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE

SHORTER DISTANCE

Question 18

What Does the lysis mean?

Answer 18

It means the Cell bursts because it is too full

Question 19

What does turgid mean?

Answer 19

It is when a plant cell becomes swollen because it cannot burst as the cell wall prevent it from bursting as it is strong

Question 20

What does plasmolysed mean?

Answer 20

In an animal cell - it is when the cell becomes shrivelled

In a plant cell - it is when the cell membrane peels away from the cell wall and the cytoplasm shrinks

Question 21

What is the definition of active transport?

Answer 21

The movement of a substance against a concentration gradient, across the membrane, using energy

Question 22

How do plants use active transport?

Answer 22

Plant to use active transport to move mineral irons from the soil into the roots

Question 23

Give an example of active transport used in humans

Answer 23

It is used in the digestive system when sugar such as glucose is actively absorbed out of your gut and kidney tubules into your blood

Question 24

What adaptations might cells that carry out active transport have?

Answer 24

Lots of mitochondria

Big surface area ( eg folded membrane)

Contains transport proteins