Cell Transport Flashcards
How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange in the lungs?
LARGE SURFACE AREA
SHORT DISTANCE over which diffusion must happen. Walls are only one cell think
Blood takes oxygen away so there is a LARGE CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE. Breathing maintains conc difference
What is the definition of osmosis?
The net movement of WATER from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water ALONG A GRADIENT, through a PARTIALLY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
What is surface area to volume ratio?
How many times larger or smaller the surface area is compare to the volume
Shapes with a larger surface area to volume ratio you will have a faster rate of diffusion (smaller things)
The bigger the total volume the smaller the surface area to volume ratio
Why do you large organisms require exchange services and transport systems?
Because diffusion is very slow overlarge distances so the cells are very far from outside surfaces so they cannot solely rely on diffusion
What is an exchange surface?
Specialise surface where substances move into out of the organism
What is the transport system?
I mean by which materials are moved from an exchange surface to cells located throughout the organism
What are some adaptations of the small intestines?
LARGE SURFACE AREA
GOOD BLOOD SUPPLY
SHORT DIFFUSION DISTANCE
HAVE MICROVILLI - further increase surface area
What are the adaptations of gills?
LARGE SURFACE AREA
GOOD BLOOD SUPPLY
SHORT DIFFUSION DISTANCE
fish move or flap gills which maintains CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE
How are roots adapted?
LARGE SURFACE AREA
SHORT DIFFUSION DISTANCE
XYLEM VESSELS remove water and minerals
What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?
Take oxygen in and release carbon dioxide
What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine ?
To increase the surface area of the small intestines so it can absorb food molecules faster
What is the function of fish gills?
Allow Fish to absorb oxygen from the water and use it for energy
What is the function of plant roots?
Absorb water into the plants
What is the definition of diffusion
The net movement of particles of a gas also used from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient
What substances diffuse into animal cells?
Oxygen
Water
Glucose
Amino acids
Fatty acids and glycerol
What Substances diffuse out of animal cells?
Carbon dioxide
Water
Urea
What factors increase the rate of diffusion?
HIGHER TEMPERATURES- particles have more energy so collide more
LARGER SURFACE AREA
BIGGER CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE
SHORTER DISTANCE
What Does the lysis mean?
It means the Cell bursts because it is too full
What does turgid mean?
It is when a plant cell becomes swollen because it cannot burst as the cell wall prevent it from bursting as it is strong
What does plasmolysed mean?
In an animal cell - it is when the cell becomes shrivelled
In a plant cell - it is when the cell membrane peels away from the cell wall and the cytoplasm shrinks
What is the definition of active transport?
The movement of a substance against a concentration gradient, across the membrane, using energy
How do plants use active transport?
Plant to use active transport to move mineral irons from the soil into the roots
Give an example of active transport used in humans
It is used in the digestive system when sugar such as glucose is actively absorbed out of your gut and kidney tubules into your blood
What adaptations might cells that carry out active transport have?
Lots of mitochondria
Big surface area ( eg folded membrane)
Contains transport proteins
