Hormonal Coordination In Humans

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Works with nervous system

Made up of glands that release hormones into blood

Target organ has receptors to pick up hormone molecules to a response by the cell

Hormones and organs are complementary

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Chemicals produced in one area of the body of an organism that have an effect on the functioning of another area of the body

Question 3

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 3

Glands that produce hormones

Question 4

Function of pituitary gland ?

Answer 4

Growth in children

Stimulates thyroid gland to make THYROXINE to control rate of metabolism

In women - stimulates egg release from ovaries and make oestrogen

In men - Make speed and testosterone

Question 5

Function of thyroid gland?

Answer 5

Controls metabolism rate in body

Question 6

Function of pancreas?

Answer 6

Controls glucose blood level

Question 7

Function of adrenal?

Answer 7

Prepares body for stressful situations

Question 8

Function of ovaries?

Answer 8

Controls development of female secondary sexual characteristics

Menstrual cycle

Question 9

Function of testis?

Answer 9

Development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Production of sperm

Question 10

What hormones does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 10

ADH

Growth hormone

FSH

TSH

Question 11

Function of ADH?

Answer 11

Affects amount of urea produced by the kidney

Question 12

Function of FSH?

Answer 12

Stimulates ovaries to make oestrogen

Question 13

Function of TSH?

Answer 13

Stimulates thyroid glands to make thyroxine

Question 14

How do we control blood glucose levels?

Answer 14

Pancreas monitors blood glucose levels

When levels are too high it releases INSULIN

When levels are too low it releases GLUCAGON

Question 15

What does insulin cause to happen?

Answer 15

Excess glucose converted and stored as GLYCOGEN in liver and muscles

Cells use glucose for respiration

Question 16

What does glucagon cause to happen?

Answer 16

Liver to break down stored glycogen into glucose and release it back into bloodstream

Negative feedback

Question 17

What is insulin?

Answer 17

Hormone that decreases blood sugar by converting glucose to glycogen

Question 18

What is glucagon?

Answer 18

Hormone that increases blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose

Question 19

What is glycogen?

Answer 19

Storage molecule found in mammals

Question 20

What is DIABETES MELLITUS?

Answer 20

Disease where a person cannot control their blood glucose levels

Question 21

Where are insulin and glucagon released from?

Answer 21

The PANCREAS

Question 22

Causes of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 22

Pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin

Genetics

Question 23

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 23

High blood glucose levels

Love s of urine

Thirsty all the time

Lack of energy

Tiredness

Lose weight

Question 24

Treatment for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 24

Replacement insulin before each meal

Regular meals

Planned exercise

Transplant pancreas

Stem cells

Question 25

Causes of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 25

Obesity Old age Genetics Lack of exercise Body stops responding to its own insulin

Question 26

What is excretion?

Answer 26

Removal of waste metabolic substances from body

Question 27

How is urea made?

Answer 27

Excess protein not stored So broken into amino acids Liver removes toxic amino group Ammonia goes to urea Remaining used on respiration or to make other molecules

Question 28

What is the ureter?

Answer 28

Tube through which I ring passes from he kidney to the bladder

Question 29

What is the renal artery?

Answer 29

Brings blood containing urea to the kidney

Question 30

What is the renal vein?

Answer 30

Carries blood away from kidney after urea and other substances have been removed from the blood

Question 31

What is the bladder?

Answer 31

Where urine is stored

Question 32

What is the urethra?

Answer 32

Tube through which urine passes to the outside of your body

Question 33

Function of the kidney?

Answer 33

Filter urea from your blood to be removed in urine Helps maintain correct balance of water and mineral ions in body

Question 34

What is the selective reabsorption?

Answer 34

The process in the kidney where the materials needed in they body such as glucose, some mineral ions and water are reabsorbed back into the blood from the filtrate

Question 35

Less ADH released causes...

Answer 35

Less water to be reabsorbed from the urine from the kidney tubules Reduce water content in blood

Question 36

More ADH released from pituitary gland...

Answer 36

More water absorbed from urine back into blood from kidney tubules Increase water content in blood

Question 37

What is filtered through the kidneys?

Answer 37

Water and small dissolved substances

Question 38

What substances aren’t reabsorbed into the blood from kidney tubules?

Answer 38

Urea leaves blood in urine

Question 39

What isn’t filtered through the kidneys?

Answer 39

Large proteins or cells as they are too large

Question 40

Causes of kidney failure?

Answer 40

Trauma or injury Infection Misuse of drugs Untreated diabetes Long term high blood pressure

Question 41

Consequences of kidney failure?

Answer 41

Build up of toxins Can’t regulate levels of water and mineral ions If untreated it is fatal

Question 42

Treatment for kidney failure?

Answer 42

Dialysis Kidney transplant

Question 43

Advantages of dialysis?

Answer 43

Prolongs life More readily available than transplants No marching tissue problems

Question 44

Disadvantages of dialysis?

Answer 44

8 hours several rimes a week More expensive in the long term Must watch diet and control salt intake

Question 45

Advantages of kidney transplant?

Answer 45

Prolongs life More normal life

Question 46

Disadvantages of kidney transplants?

Answer 46

Not enough donors Correct tissue type Must take immunosuppressants for life Risk of rejecting Don’t last forever Expensive (operation and drugs)

Question 47

What are the two types of hormones?

Answer 47

Proteins - short term affects Steroids - long term effects

Question 48

Function of seminal resicle?

Answer 48

Glands add fluid to sperm to make semen

Question 49

Function of scrotum?

Answer 49

Keeps testes outside the body for maximum speed production

Question 50

Function of oestrogen?

Answer 50

Stimulates womb lining build up Stops FSH production Starts LSH production

Question 51

What does LH do?

Answer 51

Stimulates egg releases at ovulation

Question 52

What does progesterone do?

Answer 52

Stimulates womb lining to build up and remain