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Biology > Hormonal Coordination In Humans > Flashcards

Hormonal Coordination In Humans Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Works with nervous system

Made up of glands that release hormones into blood

Target organ has receptors to pick up hormone molecules to a response by the cell

Hormones and organs are complementary

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2
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemicals produced in one area of the body of an organism that have an effect on the functioning of another area of the body

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3
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Glands that produce hormones

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4
Q

Function of pituitary gland ?

A

Growth in children

Stimulates thyroid gland to make THYROXINE to control rate of metabolism

In women - stimulates egg release from ovaries and make oestrogen

In men - Make speed and testosterone

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5
Q

Function of thyroid gland?

A

Controls metabolism rate in body

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6
Q

Function of pancreas?

A

Controls glucose blood level

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7
Q

Function of adrenal?

A

Prepares body for stressful situations

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8
Q

Function of ovaries?

A

Controls development of female secondary sexual characteristics

Menstrual cycle

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9
Q

Function of testis?

A

Development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Production of sperm

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10
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland release?

A

ADH

Growth hormone

FSH

TSH

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11
Q

Function of ADH?

A

Affects amount of urea produced by the kidney

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12
Q

Function of FSH?

A

Stimulates ovaries to make oestrogen

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13
Q

Function of TSH?

A

Stimulates thyroid glands to make thyroxine

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14
Q

How do we control blood glucose levels?

A

Pancreas monitors blood glucose levels

When levels are too high it releases INSULIN

When levels are too low it releases GLUCAGON

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15
Q

What does insulin cause to happen?

A

Excess glucose converted and stored as GLYCOGEN in liver and muscles

Cells use glucose for respiration

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16
Q

What does glucagon cause to happen?

A

Liver to break down stored glycogen into glucose and release it back into bloodstream

Negative feedback

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17
Q

What is insulin?

A

Hormone that decreases blood sugar by converting glucose to glycogen

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18
Q

What is glucagon?

A

Hormone that increases blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose

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19
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Storage molecule found in mammals

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20
Q

What is DIABETES MELLITUS?

A

Disease where a person cannot control their blood glucose levels

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21
Q

Where are insulin and glucagon released from?

A

The PANCREAS

22
Q

Causes of type 1 diabetes?

A

Pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin

Genetics

23
Q

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

A

High blood glucose levels

Love s of urine

Thirsty all the time

Lack of energy

Tiredness

Lose weight

24
Q

Treatment for type 1 diabetes?

A

Replacement insulin before each meal

Regular meals

Planned exercise

Transplant pancreas

Stem cells

25
Q

Causes of type 2 diabetes?

A

Obesity

Old age

Genetics

Lack of exercise

Body stops responding to its own insulin

26
Q

What is excretion?

A

Removal of waste metabolic substances from body

27
Q

How is urea made?

A

Excess protein not stored

So broken into amino acids

Liver removes toxic amino group

Ammonia goes to urea

Remaining used on respiration or to make other molecules

28
Q

What is the ureter?

A

Tube through which I ring passes from he kidney to the bladder

29
Q

What is the renal artery?

A

Brings blood containing urea to the kidney

30
Q

What is the renal vein?

A

Carries blood away from kidney after urea and other substances have been removed from the blood

31
Q

What is the bladder?

A

Where urine is stored

32
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Tube through which urine passes to the outside of your body

33
Q

Function of the kidney?

A

Filter urea from your blood to be removed in urine

Helps maintain correct balance of water and mineral ions in body

34
Q

What is the selective reabsorption?

A

The process in the kidney where the materials needed in they body such as glucose, some mineral ions and water are reabsorbed back into the blood from the filtrate

35
Q

Less ADH released causes…

A

Less water to be reabsorbed from the urine from the kidney tubules

Reduce water content in blood

36
Q

More ADH released from pituitary gland…

A

More water absorbed from urine back into blood from kidney tubules

Increase water content in blood

37
Q

What is filtered through the kidneys?

A

Water and small dissolved substances

38
Q

What substances aren’t reabsorbed into the blood from kidney tubules?

A

Urea leaves blood in urine

39
Q

What isn’t filtered through the kidneys?

A

Large proteins or cells as they are too large

40
Q

Causes of kidney failure?

A

Trauma or injury

Infection

Misuse of drugs

Untreated diabetes

Long term high blood pressure

41
Q

Consequences of kidney failure?

A

Build up of toxins

Can’t regulate levels of water and mineral ions

If untreated it is fatal

42
Q

Treatment for kidney failure?

A

Dialysis

Kidney transplant

43
Q

Advantages of dialysis?

A

Prolongs life

More readily available than transplants

No marching tissue problems

44
Q

Disadvantages of dialysis?

A

8 hours several rimes a week

More expensive in the long term

Must watch diet and control salt intake

45
Q

Advantages of kidney transplant?

A

Prolongs life

More normal life

46
Q

Disadvantages of kidney transplants?

A

Not enough donors

Correct tissue type

Must take immunosuppressants for life

Risk of rejecting

Don’t last forever

Expensive (operation and drugs)

47
Q

What are the two types of hormones?

A

Proteins - short term affects

Steroids - long term effects

48
Q

Function of seminal resicle?

A

Glands add fluid to sperm to make semen

49
Q

Function of scrotum?

A

Keeps testes outside the body for maximum speed production

50
Q

Function of oestrogen?

A

Stimulates womb lining build up

Stops FSH production

Starts LSH production

51
Q

What does LH do?

A

Stimulates egg releases at ovulation

52
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Stimulates womb lining to build up and remain

Biology (12 decks)

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