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Biology > Homeostasis And The Nervous System > Flashcards

Homeostasis And The Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for functions in response to internal and external changes

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2
Q

What do all control systems in the body need to function?

A

Receptors - to function

Coordination centres - to receive information and coordinate the response

Effectors - to respond

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3
Q

Examples of internal conditions that need to be monitored ?

A

Body temp

Water content of body

Blood glucose concentration

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4
Q

What external conditions need to be monitored?

A

Air temp

Amount of light

Sound and other senses

Heat

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5
Q

What factors are controlled by homeostasis?

A

Temp

PH levels

Blood glucose concentration

Ion concentration of blood

Water levels of blood

Concentration of waste materials

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6
Q

Where is carbon dioxide produced?

A

A waste material produced BY CELLS during RESPIRATION

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7
Q

Where is urea produced?

A

In LIVER from BREAKDOWN OF AMINO ACIDS

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8
Q

Where is urea filtered from blood?

A

Filtered by the KIDNEYS and removed from body in urine

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9
Q

Path of a nerve impulse?

A

1) STIMULUS detected by RECEPTOR
2) passed along SENSORY NEURONE
3) over a SYNAPSE
4) CNS processes information
5) over a SYNAPSE
6) passed along MOTOR NEURONE
7) message reaches EFFECTOR causing a RESPONSE

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10
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A type of cell that detects changes in the environment

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11
Q

Function of sensory neurone?

A

Sends electrical impulses from receptors in sense organs to the brain (CNS)

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12
Q

What is the coordinator ( central nervous system)?

A

The brain and spinal column

Processes the information from the sensory neurone

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13
Q

What is the function of the motor neurone?

A

Sends electrical impulses from the brain to the effector

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14
Q

What is an effector?

A

Usually a muscle or gland

Responds when it receives a message from the brain

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15
Q

What do the eyes detect?

A

Light

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16
Q

What do the ears detect?

A

Sound

Changes in position

Pressure

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17
Q

What does the nose sense?

A

Chemicals

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18
Q

What does the skin sense?

A

Touch

Pressure

Pain

Temperature

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19
Q

What does the tongue sense?

A

Chemicals

Temperature

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20
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A change that can be detected

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21
Q

What is a response?

A

What happens as a result of the stimulus

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22
Q

What is a neurone?

A

Basic cells of the nervous system that carry minute electrical impulses around the body

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23
Q

What is a nerve impulse?

A

The electrical message that nerves carry around the body

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24
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The gap between the end of one neurone and the next

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25
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

A rapid automatic response of the nervous system that does not involve conscious thought

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26
Q

Why are reflex actions quicker normal conscious action?

A

Programmed in DNA

electrical impulses sent to spinal cord

Conscious actions use relay neurones

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27
Q

What does accurate?

A

You get the value you were meant to get

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28
Q

What does repeatable?

A

You can do it again and get similar results

29
Q

What does reproducible mean?

A

Someone else can do it and get the same result

30
Q

Function of the skull?

A

Protects the brain

31
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

A

A protective membrane that encases the brain to protect it

32
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Concerned with consciousness, intelligence,memory and language

33
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Concerned with coordinating muscular activity and balance

34
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Unconscious activity

35
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Controlling body temperature

36
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

Produces many different chemicals/ hormones

37
Q

What is the brain?

A

An organ function that controls complex behaviour

38
Q

How can people study the brain?

A

MRI scans

Electrically stimulating different parts of the brain

Looking at behavioural changes

Dissection

39
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Arterioles supplying capillaries barrow when muscles in the walls contract

40
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Arterioles supplying capillaries dilate when muscles in the Wall slack

41
Q

How can we cool down?

A

Vasodilation

More sweat

No shivering

42
Q

How can we warm up?

A

Shivering

Vasoconstriction

Less sweat produced

43
Q

Function of sclera?

A

Protect eyeball from damage

44
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

Let’s light into the eye

Refracts light as it enters

45
Q

Function of iris?

A

Hole through which light enters

46
Q

Function of the pupil?

A

Controls amount of light that goes into retina

47
Q

Function of lens?

A

Changes direction of light rays to produce clear image on retina

48
Q

Function of ciliary muscles?

A

Adjust shape of lens to increase or decrease refraction if light by making it more or less curved

49
Q

Function of suspension ligament?

A

Slacken or straight as the ciliary muscles contract/relax to adjust thickness and curvature of the lens

50
Q

Function of the retina?

A

Contains light receptors which trigger electrical impulses

51
Q

Function of optic lens?

A

Sends electrical impulses to the brain

52
Q

Which muscles contract in the iris when the pupil constricts?

A

Circular smooth muscles

53
Q

Which muscles contract wen the pupil dilated?

A

Radical smooth muscles

54
Q

What does accommodation mean?

A

The eye can alter the shape and curvature of the lens to adjust the degree of refraction

55
Q 
What happens to the following when we see a distant object?
A) ciliary muscles
B) suspensory ligaments 
C) muscle tension on lens
D) lens shape
A

A) relax

B) pulled tight

C) high

D) pulled thin

56
Q 
What happens to the following when we see a near object?
A) ciliary muscles
B) suspensory ligaments 
C) muscle tension on lens
D) lens shape
A

A) contracts

B) slacker

C) low

D) fatter and rounder shape

57
Q

Scientific name for short sightedness?

A

Myopia

58
Q

Causes of myopia?

A

Elongated eyeball

Distance between lens and retina is too great

Lens too thick and curved

59
Q

Treatment for myopia?

A

Diverging lens

60
Q

Scientific name for long sightedness?

A

Hypermetropia?

61
Q

Causes of hypermetropia?

A

Image focused Behind retina

Loss of elasticity in lens so can’t become fat enough

Age

Eye ball too short

62
Q

Treatment for hypermetropia?

A

Converging lens

63
Q

Advantages of glasses?

A

Cheaper

Instant treatment

No damage

64
Q

Disadvantages of glasses?

A

Can break or be damaged

Maintenance costs

65
Q

Advantages of laser eye surgery?

A

Permanent

66
Q

Disadvantages of laser eye surgery?

A

Only for adults

Need to recover from surgery

67
Q

Which part of the brain monitors temperature?

A

Thermoregulatory system in the hypothalamus

68
Q

How do hair erector muscles work when too cold?

A

Contract to make hair stand note upright to trap air close to surface

Biology (12 decks)

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