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Biology > Non-communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Non-communicable Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What does infectious mean?

A

It is caused by pathogens

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2
Q

What could cause a mental disease?

A

Chemical imbalances in the brain

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3
Q

What is an inherited illness?

A

Conditions people are born with as a result of their genes

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4
Q

What is a deficiency disease caused by?

A

Lack of vitamins or minerals in the diet

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5
Q

What are the categories of diseases/illnesses?

A

Infectious

Mental

Physical

Inherited

Deficiency

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6
Q

What factors affect health?

A

Non - communicable diseases

Communicable diseases

Diet

Stress

Life situations

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7
Q

What is the definition of health?

A

A state of physical and mental well-being, not just an absence of disease

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8
Q

Examples of a mental illness?

A

Schizophrenia

Depression

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9
Q

Examples of an infectious disease?

A

Chicken pox

Flu

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10
Q

Examples of a physical Illness?

A

Pneumonia

Fever

Heart failure

Paralysis

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11
Q

Examples of a genetic disease?

A

Down syndrome

Cystic fibrosis

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12
Q

Examples of an deficiency disease?

A

Scurvy

Anaemia

Leukaemia

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13
Q

What is a NON-COMMUNICABLE disease?

A

Disease that are not infectious and cannot be passed from one organism to another

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14
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

A variable associated with an increased chance of disease or infection

Eg genetics, age,diet etc

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15
Q

What is a correlation?

A

A link or relation between to factors

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16
Q

What is a causal relationship?

A

A change in one variable that results from or is caused by a change in another variable

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17
Q

What is obesity?

A

When a person accumulates excess body fat an d has a BMI of 30 or higher

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18
Q

What could cause obesity?

A

No exercise

Unbalanced diet

Medical conditions

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19
Q

What health problem are associated with obesity?

A

Diabetes

Cholesterol

Heart attack

Stroke

Joint problems

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20
Q

What is high blood pressure?

A

When there is high blood pressure in the arteries in the brain which can burst and cause brain damage

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21
Q

What does heart disease increase the risk of?

A

Getting a heart attack

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22
Q

When does someone get diabetes?

A

When liver cells cannot control blood glucose levels

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23
Q

Why do we need cholesterol?

A

For your cell membranes to make vital hormone

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24
Q

Are saturated fats good or bad?

A

Bad -

Long fatty chains stop lipids from dissolving in water

They build up in artery walls

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25
Q

Are unsaturated fats good or bad?

A

Good -

Don’t clog up arteries

Help reduce cholesterol levels in blood

Increase proportion of HDLs compared to LDLs

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26
Q

Are low density lipoproteins (LDLs) good or bad?

A

Bad -

Lead to fat building up on artery walls which could cause heart disease

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27
Q

Are high density lipoproteins (HDLs) good or bad?

A

Good -

Help stop fat building up in the arteries

28
Q

What do LDLs do?

A

Carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells

29
Q

What do HDLs do?

A

Carry excess cholesterol back to liver

30
Q

Some benefits of exercise?

A

Burns calories

Release endorphins

Increases lung capacity

Stronger heart

Higher metabolic rate

Less chance of cardiovascular diseases

Less chance of diabetes and heart disease

31
Q

What are some risks involved with lack of exercise?

A

Overweight

Low lung capacity

Arthritis

Sadness

High blood pressure

Unhealthy heart

32
Q

BMI =

A

Mass (kg) / height ^2 (m)

33
Q

ENERGY / NUTRITION CONTENT =

A

(Value per 100g x mass of food) / 100

34
Q

PERCENTAGE PF GDA =

A

(Energy / nutrient content x 100) / GDA

35
Q

What are the seven good groups?

A

Water

Carbohydrates

Lipids / fats

Proteins

Mineral salts

Vitamins

Dietary fibre/ rouphage

36
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A diet composed of the right amount of the SEVEN FOOD GROUPS in the CORRECT PROPORTIONS

37
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

When the body doesn’t get a balanced diet needed to remain healthy

38
Q

How can you become malnourished?

A

Eat too much

Eat too little

Don’t eat in the correct proportions

39
Q

What disease is caused by lack of protein?

A

kwashiorkor

40
Q

What disease is caused by lack of iron?

A

Anaemia

41
Q

What disease is caused by lack of vitamin C?

A

Scurvy

42
Q

What disease can be caused by lack of vitamin D?

A

Rickets

43
Q

What disease can be caused be lack of vitamin A?

A

Night blindness

44
Q

What do sugars from carbohydrates do in the body?

A

Provide energy

Build micro molecules

45
Q

What does starch from carbohydrates do in our body?

A

Store energy

46
Q

What do proteins do in our body?

A

Repair tissues

Make enzymes and hormones

47
Q

What do fats do in our body?

A

Store energy

Insulation

Protect vital organs

48
Q

What does fibre do in our body?

A

Absorbs poisonous waste

Prevents constipation

Aids food passage

49
Q

What do vitamins do in our body?

A

Produce energy

Protect cells

Guide mineral usage

Vitamin A helps eyesight

Vitamin B reduces stress

50
Q

What do minerals do in our body?

A

Builds strong bones, teeth, hair, blood, skin

Helps with metabolic processes

51
Q

What does water do in our body?

A

Stops dehydration

Regulates body temperature

Water in sweat cools us

Where reaction happen

Takes waste chemical out

52
Q

What is a tumour?

A

A mass of abnormally growing cells that forms when the cells do not respond to the normal mechanisms that control growth and when CONTROL OF THE CELL CYCLE IS LOST

53
Q

What are BENIGN TUMOURS?

A

Do not invade other parts of body

Can be life threatening

Can grow very quickly

Could harm organs

Can kill someone

54
Q

What are MALIGNANT TUMOURS?

A

Invades neighbouring healthy tissues

Spread around the body

Difficult to treat

Live longer than normal cells

55
Q

What does mutation mean?

A

A change in the genetic material of an organism

56
Q

What can cause cancer (and mutations)?

A

Inheritance - inherit cancerous genes

Carcinogenic chemicals - such as asbestos and tar in cigarettes

Ionising radiation - UV light and x-rays

Viruses -

57
Q

How does radiotherapy work?

A

Destroy the cancerous cells

58
Q

How does chemotherapy work?

A

Chemicals used to stop cancer cells dividing or to make them self destruct

59
Q

What is a drug?

A

A substance that alters the way your body works by changing the chemical processes in the body

60
Q

What does dependent mean?

A

When your body needs a drug to function properly

61
Q

What for addicted mean?

A

When you feel a craving for a drug

62
Q

What does withdrawal symptoms mean?

A

Side effects when you stop taking a drug

63
Q

What health problems does nicotine cause?

A

It’s addictive

Increase heart rate

64
Q

What health problems for tar cause?

A

Damages cilia which leads to coughing

Irritates airways and lining of lungs

Builds up in lung tissues

Carcinogenic- cause lung,throat,’ and tongue caner

65
Q

What problems does carbon monoxide cause?

A

Prevent haemoglobin from carrying oxygen

Reduces amount of oxygen

Problem I’m pregnant women as not enough oxygen to foetus

66
Q

Health effects of consuming alcohol?

A

Liver cancer

Likely to choke on vomit

Alcohol poisoning

Dehydration

Blurry vision

Weight gain

Biology (12 decks)

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