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Biology > Cell Structure And Organisation > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an organelle?

A

A SPECIALISED subunit within a cell that has a specific function

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2
Q

What does a cell membrane do?

A

Controls the passage of the substance in and out of the cell

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3
Q

What is The function of a ribosome?

A

It is where protein is made

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4
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

It is where oxygen is used and released as energy during respiration

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5
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

It is a liquid gel where in which all chemical reactions needed for life take place

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6
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

It controls the activities of the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of the cellulose cell wall?

A

It protects the cell (pants)

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8
Q

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

A

It is filled with sap to keep the cell Rigid to support the plant

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9
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

It absorbs light for photosynthesis in plant cells

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10
Q

Where is genetic material found in a bacteria cell?

A

In the cytoplasm

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11
Q

IMAGE =

A

Actual size x magnification

A and I must be measured in the same units

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12
Q

Why do Sperm cells have many mitochondria?

A

It is because they need a lot of energy to swim

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13
Q

What is the function of the plasmid in a bacteria cell??

A

They are small circular bit of DNA which carry extra genetic material

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14
Q

What is the function of the flagella in a bacteria cell?

A

They are long protein strands that help bacteria cells move

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15
Q

What is the prokaryotic cell?

A

It is the south that does not contain a nucleus or other large organelles. They have a simple Cell structure

Smaller than eukaryotes

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16
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

They are cells with more complex structures. They do contain a nucleus and other large organelles

17
Q

Advantages of a light microscope?

A

They are much cheaper

They can observe living cells

18
Q

Disadvantages of a light microscope?

A

They have a limited resolution

They have a porous surface view of the specimen

19
Q

Advantages of an electron microscope?

A

We can see minute objects more clearly and so biologist have been able to see and understand subcellular structures

20
Q

Disadvantages of electron microscope?

A

We cannot you living specimen with it

They are very expensive

21
Q

What is the definition of specialised?

A

Doing or focusing on a specific task

22
Q

Examples of specialised cells…

A

Root hair cell

Guard cell

Sperm cell

Eggs

Nerve cell

Red blood cell

Muscle cell

23
Q

What are specialised cells like in animals?

A

Become specialised EARLY IN LIFE

It is PERMANENT

they can divide into two of the same cell so are DIFFICULT TO CLONE

24
Q

What are specialised cells like in plants?

A

It is NOT PERMANENT

SPECIALISE IN THEIR FINAL POSITION in the plant

EASY TO CLONE

25
Q

What is differentiation?

A

When plants become specialised

26
Q

What is the function of the root hair cell?

A

The root hair cell helps plants to take in water more efficiently

27
Q

How are route herself is adopted for their function?

A

LARGE SURFACE AREA - more water can be transported into the cells

LARGE PERMANENT VACUOLE - Speed up the movement of water from the soil into the cell

28
Q

What is the function of xylem?

A

It is a tissue that transports water around the plant

29
Q

What are the adaptations of a xylem cell?

A

EXTRA REINFORCEMENT - support weight of plant

NARROW TUBES - column is tough and capillary action is effective

SPIRAL LIGNIN - xylem can stretch as the plant grows

30
Q

What is the function of a perm cell?

A

Contains GENETIC MATERIAL From the male parent

31
Q

Adaptations of a sperm cell?

A

LONG TAIL - sperm can move towards the egg

LOTS OF MITOCHONDRIA - provides energy so it can move

LARGE NUCLEUS - contains genetic material that can be passed on

32
Q

Function of a red blood cell?

A

Transport oxygen throughout the body

33
Q

Adaptations of a red blood cell?

A

SMALL - can pass through capillaries

FLATTENED DISC SHAPE - more surface area

NO NUCLEUS - more space for haemoglobin

CONTAINS HAEMOGLOBIN - absorbs oxygen from lungs

34
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic building blocks of all living organisms

35
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells With a similar structure and function

36
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of tissues performing a specific function

37
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Organise organs that work together to perform an overall life process

38
Q

What is an organism?

A

Organ systems that work together

Biology (12 decks)

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