Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Circulatory And Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Circulatory And Respiratory Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a pulse?

A

Where an artery runs closer to the surface, often over a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do arteries to do?

A

Take blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do veins do?

A

Take blood back into the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Link arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is the lumen in an artery small or large?

A

Small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are the walls of an artery thick or thin?

A

They are thick-they are made of muscle and elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is there a high blood pressure in arteries?

A

Yes as it is coming from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are there valves in an artery?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are the lumen small or large In a vein?

A

Large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are the walls of a vein thick or thin?

A

They are relatively thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Do veins have valves?

A

Yes they often do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How big is a capillary’s walls?

A

They are very thin - 1 cell thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How big is the lumen of a capillary?

A

They are tiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are capillaries permeable?

A

Yes

Oxygen, glucose, urea and carbon dioxide diffuse through tiny pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

When blood is passed through the heart twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the advantages of a double circulatory system?

A

They are more efficient

blood can be sent off to different parts of the body at high-pressure

oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why must blood go to the lungs?

A

Oxygen defuses into blood at the lungs

CO2 diffuses out of blood at the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the atria?

A

They contract together and for split down into the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the ventricles

A

They contract and force blood out of the heart

The right ventricle forces the oxygenated blood to the lungs in the pulmonary artery

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body in a big artery called the Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of valves?

A

Very close to stop the blood flowing backwards out of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the pacemaker?

A

Controls the basic rhythm of your heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an exchange surface?

A

Surface when materials are exchanged between an organism and its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happened to the diaphragm when we inhale?

A

It contracts and moves down and becomes flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happened to the diaphragm when we exhale?

A

It relaxes, moves up and becomes a dome shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happened to the intercostal muscles when we inhale?

A

They contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happened to the intercostal muscles when we exhale?

A

It relaxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happened to the rib cage when we inhale?

A

It moves up and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What happens to the rib cage when we exhale?

A

It falls back and inwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What happened to the volume inside Our lungs when we inhale?

A

It increases as air goes in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What happens to the volume inside our lungs when we exhale?

A

It decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happened to the pressure inside Our lungs when we inhale?

A

It decreases compared to outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What happened to the pressure inside our lungs when we exhale?

A

It increases compare to outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When we inhale, what is the air movement like?

A

The area is drawn into our lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When we exhale, what is the air movement like?

A

The air is forced out of our lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why are exchange surfaces necessary?

A

They SPEED UP THE RATE OF DIFFUSION in large organisms with small surface area to volume ratio is. Without these large organisms would die because oxygen wouldn’t be able to get to the cells fast enough

36
Q

What are the features of a good exchange surface?

A

LARGE SURFACE AREA - quicker rate of diffusion

THIN - larger surface area

GOOD BLOOD SUPPLY - big concentration difference

SUPPLY OF NEW MATERIAL - maintains high concentration gradient

37
Q

How is the alveoli adapted for its function?

A

VENTILATION moves air in and out - maintain steep conc gradient

Very THIN WALLS short diffusion distance

SPHERICAL SHAPE large surface area

GOOD BLOOD SUPPLY maintains conc gradient

38
Q

What is breathing?

A

The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs

In humans this is brought about by the action of the intercostal muscles on the ribs and diaphragm

39
Q

What is respiration?

A

A chemical process where energy is released from the breakdown of food

40
Q

What is gas exchange in humans?

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and blood

41
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

Smelling

warming up the air as we inhale

42
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

Transports air from the mouth towards the lungs

43
Q

What is the function of the Bronchi?

A

It is where the trachea is divided into two pipes to enter the lungs

44
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm

A

It is a muscle involved in breathing

45
Q

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

A

They are also muscles involved in breathing

46
Q

What is the function of the rib?

A

Protects the heart and lungs

involved in breathing

47
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

It pumps the blood around the body

48
Q

What is the function of the alveoli?

A

It is a site of gas exchange

49
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

Plasma (55 %)

White blood cells and platelets (less than 1%)

Red blood cells (45 %)

50
Q

What is the function of water in the plasma?

A

It makes blood liquid so it can flow and move other substances

It is a SOLVENT so dissolves other substances

51
Q

What is the function of dissolved nutrients in the plasma?

A

Amino acids - used by cells to make new proteins

glucose - energy from respiration to make carbohydrates

fatty acids and glycerol - used by cells to make new lipids

vitamins - help to regulate metabolism inside cells

52
Q

What is the function of oxygen in the plasma?

A

Needed for respiration and keeps cells alive

53
Q

What is the function of CO2 in plasma?

A

It is a waste produced by the cells and is carried to the lungs

54
Q

What is the function of urea in the plasma?

A

It is formed in your liver from the breakdown of excess proteins and is carried to your kidneys where it is removed from your blood to form until urine

55
Q

What is the function of hormones in the plasma?

A

They are involved in homeostasis (Controlling blood glucose levels)

they control changes in the body

56
Q

What is the function of dissolved mineral ions in the plasma?

A

How control water movement into and out of our cells by osmosis

some help regulate metabolism inside cells

57
Q

What is the function of plasma proteins in the plasma?

A

Needed to help blood clot (called clotting factors)

help with reabsorption of fluid from tissues to blood

58
Q

Where are red blood cells produced?

A

In the bone marrow

59
Q

What do red blood cells contain which can bind reversibly to oxygen?

A

Haemoglobin

60
Q

OXYGEN + HAEMOGLOBIN =

A

Oxyhemoglobin

61
Q

How are red blood cells adapted?

A

They have NO NUCLEUS so they can pack in more haemoglobin so they can bind to more oxygen

they have a BICONCAVE shape which gives them a larger surface area to volume ratio to absorb oxygen quicker

62
Q

Where are white blood cells produced?

A

They are produced in the bone marrow

63
Q

Name two types of white blood cells

A

PHAGOCYTES - They Engulf bacteria

LYMPHOCYTES - Produce antibodies

64
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cell fragments produced in bone marrow

65
Q

What is the function of a scab?

A

Stop bacteria entering

stop blood escaping

66
Q

What are some problems associated with blood transfusion?

A

Not the right blood type/group

shortage of donors

religious reasons

blood cannot be stored for a very long time

67
Q

What are some treatments for permanent heart damage?

A

Heart transplants

artificial hearts

68
Q

What are treatments for not permanent heart damage?

A

Stents

Statins

Bypass surgery

69
Q

What is the treatment for your pacemaker not working properly?

A

An artificial pacemaker

70
Q

What is a stent?

A

A metal mesh that is placed in the artery. It contains a balloon which can be inflated to open blood vessels and distance so the blood can flow freely

71
Q

What are the advantages of using a stent?

A

It allows the blood to flow freely as it opens the arteries

it releases good drugs to prevent blood clotting

it is safer and cheaper than bypass surgery

it can be used anywhere in the body

you don’t need general anaesthetics

72
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a stent?

A

The stent would cause blood clotting without the drugs

The drugs will eventually run out

it doesn’t work for bad blocks and doesn’t remove fatty deposits

73
Q

Advantages of bypass surgery?

A

Replaces narrow or blocked arteries

works for badly blocked arteries

74
Q

Disadvantages of bypass surgery?

A

It doesn’t remove the problem

It is more expensive

75
Q

Advantages of statins?

A

Reduces fatty deposit build up rates so reduces the blockage of the artery

76
Q

Disadvantages of statins?

A

Possible side-effects from drugs

doesn’t get rid of blockage completely

will not work for blood clots, only fatty deposits

77
Q

Why might a patient need a heart transplant?

A

They might have damaged heart due to a heart attack

Might be born with a heart defect

78
Q

Arguments for heart transplants (scientific)?

A

If the heart transplant is successful it should provide a long-term cure

New heart will pump blood and oxygen affectively to the body

79
Q

Social arguments for a heart transplant?

A

Prolongs life

better quality of life (if it is successful there should be no more symptoms)

80
Q

Scientific arguments against heart transplant

A

Not enough donors

Operation is risky

donor heart must be the same tissue-type

to reduce the chance of rejection immunosuppressant drugs must be taken for life which could cause more infections

81
Q

Social arguments against heart transplant?

A

Expensive

patient must stay in hospital for very long time to recover

if the patient doesn’t alter their lifestyle their problem could re-occur

82
Q

What is an artificial heart and how does it work?

A

They are temporary hearts that can
support your natural heart until it can be replaced.

They use a pressure to pump blood around the body

83
Q

Scientific arguments for an artificial heart?

A

Supports natural heart - keeps patient alive long enough to receive a transplant or recover

Small chance of rejection

84
Q

Social arguments for artificial hearts?

A

Prolongs life

Better quality of life

85
Q

Scientific arguments against artificial hearts?

A

Operation is risky

Risk of blood clotting which could be fatal

Permanent replacement with a machine is still not possible

86
Q

Social arguments against artificial hearts?

A

Patients often have to remain in hospitals

Very expensive

87
Q

What are statins?

A

A drug that have been found to reduce cardiovascular disease and mortality in those who are at high risk

Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions