Philippines (Multi-hazardous area) - Natural Hazards

Question 1

background

Answer 1

> group of 7000 islands in south China sea, south east asia
vulnerable population of 98 million
GDP is $3000 per year
experience geophysical and hydro-meteorological hazards

Question 2

earthquakes

Answer 2

> Philippine and Eurasian plate
pressure creates faults
between 1900 and 2011 total of 22 deadly earthquakes, killing over 9500 people and causing $230 million damage

Question 3

volcanic eruptions

Answer 3

> since 1900 there have been 22 deadly volcanic eruptions
Mt Pinatubo, 1991 killed 500 people, led to a global; atmospheric cooling
cost of damage since 1900 over £2.3 billion

Question 4

tropical storms

Answer 4

> typhoon Haiyan
257 storms since 1900, cost excess of $6.5 billion
experience 7-10 events each year

Question 5

tsunami

Answer 5

> submarine earthquakes

> hit Mindanao in 1976 was 4-5m and damage 14 buildings

Question 6

landslides

Answer 6

> caused by heavy rain
killed hundreds since 1900
long clean up

Question 7

flooding

Answer 7

> common coastal and river flooding
over 150 since 1900
displace hundreds and thousands

Question 8

disaster management

Answer 8

> National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, 2009
ensuring welfare and protection of people during disasters
Philippine government formulate a national disaster risk management plan
disaster management team: published a hazard risk management book (2018), has partnerships with red cross etc
the government has three services: the climate experiment project (calculate rain or probability of rain), Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (increase awareness) , Philippine Geoportal (multi-scale maps for planning)

Question 9

why do people live in a multi hazardous area

Answer 9

> poverty - can't afford to move
> fatalist attitude
> family lives there 
> rich soils for farming
> they believe the advantages out weight the risk
> tourism
> minerals - geothermal power

Question 10

resilience

Answer 10

> developing resistance in order to overcome a state of mind

> humour in the face of pain during disaster to relieve stress and anxiety

Question 11

adaptation

Answer 11

> made houses out of palm bamboo to prevent injury
focus on reduction of crop loss rather than yield
moving away from coconut trees to more root veg - sustainable
people have moved

Question 12

mitigation

Answer 12

> national disaster coordinating council - preparedness, prevention and mitigation
undertaking multi-hazard mapping and assessment projects
GDP is low meaning that power on mitigation is limited
early warning systems

Question 13

management

Answer 13

> government - don’t have the finds, one protection method against one may encourage another, high frequency on different hazards
red cross takes responsibility for distribution
handbooks distributed - national education
redcross and actionaid