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A Level Geography > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

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1
Q

What is place?

A

Location and meaning, (physical characteristics, human characteristics, flows, sense of place)

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2
Q

Creating of insider and outsider place

A

Many people create identity if they feel connected, individuals share characteristics that bind them to a group and share identity

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3
Q

Insider place

A

Someone who is familiar and feels connected with a place and who feels welcome

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4
Q

Outsider

A

Someone who feels unwelcome or excluded from a place

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5
Q

Experienced place

A

Places that people have spent time in - opinions are based on their experiences such as what they have done and who they have met, shape sense of place

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6
Q

Media place

A

Places that people have not been to but have created a sense of place through their depiction in the media

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7
Q

Near place

A

Thought of as geographically near to where a person lives

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8
Q

Far place

A

A place that is geographically distance from where a person lives

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9
Q

Effects of globalisation

A

Has effected people’s experience of geographical distance: improvements to travel, ICT, more interconnected, TNCs

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10
Q

Placelessness

A

How globalisation is making distant places look and fell the same (loss of sense of place to an area that you know)

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11
Q

Endogenous factors

A

The internal factors which shape a place’s character eg physical eg topography, human eg built environment

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12
Q

Exogenous

A

The external factors which shape a place’s character including the relationship to other places and the flows in and out of a place

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13
Q

Location affecting a place

A
  • Where the place is

- features that are present because of their location eg coast

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14
Q

Topography affecting a place

A
  • shaped by the physical shape eg in a valley

- affects land use eg farming and industries

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15
Q

Physical geography affecting place

A
  • refers to the environmental features
  • land forms from rock type
  • economic characteristic eg rich in natural resources such as iron or coal
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16
Q

Land use affecting place

A
  • human activities that occur on the land
  • directly defining character of places
  • land use affects the built environment eg high density buildings
  • changes over time
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17
Q

Built environment and infrastructure affecting place

A
  • structures such as transport, communication and services
  • town and cities have higher density of buildings and better communications
  • villages are more spread out and smaller with not much networks
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18
Q

Demographic and economic characteristics of a place

A
  • age, gender, education, religion, birth rates, ethnicity, population size
  • directly contribute to the character of a place
  • work and money affect employment rates in come and the overall feel of an area
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19
Q

Exogenous factors affecting place

A
  • relative location to other places such as commuter settlements
  • tourism influences the character
  • flows of investment (free trade)
  • migration (money)
  • resources
  • ideas
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20
Q

External flows causing places to change

A
  • Flows of people, money, resources, ideas
  • Improved transport, networks, communication
  • Affected by either demographic and cultrual OR economic and social characteristics
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21
Q

Demographic change caused by flows

A
  • flows of people eg young leaving home
  • flows of money and investment by government or businesses changes who is there
  • flows of idea and resources eg ideas such as birth control can flow into a new place changing demographic
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22
Q

Flows affect cultural characteristics

A
  • flows of people: by moving or visiting new cultures mix and change characteristics
  • flows of money, investment and ideas eg new cultural ideas
23
Q

Economic characteristics affected by flows

A
  • flows of people: eg St ives is now a tourist destination so affecting jobs
  • flows of resources: the outward flow of local products or natural resources from a place
  • flows of money and investment can positively or negatively impact the economic characteristics
24
Q

Flows affecting social inequality

A
  • flows of people: regional migration for rural to urban changed social character and levels of social inequality
  • flows of resources: outward flows of natural resources from poorer countries can change levels of social inequality
  • flows of money and investment: process of gentrification improving the social characteristics of a place
25
Q

Government policies changing a place

A
  • Government can affect the demographic eg controlling the population
  • government policies can affect the cultural characteristics eg controlling immigration
  • government policies can affect demographic, economic and social characteristics eg regeneration projects such as Hulme
26
Q

Decisions of TNC’s changing a place

A
  • TNC’s impact the demographic, social, economic characteristics eg Detroit manufacturing
  • TNC’s give massive economic boost eg jobs and high wages
  • TNC’s bring in large numbers of migrants
  • loss of TNC’s effects and causes that change again
27
Q

Impacts of international or global institutions driving change

A
  • World Food Programme provides food assistance wherever it is needed, changing the social and demographic characteristics by preventing death
  • World Bank that invests in many projects aimed to reduce poverty effecting the demographic, cultural, economic and social characteristics of a place
28
Q

Past and present connections developing the shape of a place

A
  • connections from past shape the preset eg past sea trade between London and NYC linking cultures
  • new connections eg London and NYC as world cities strengthening character bu finance, banking, internet, fast travel
  • past: location of a place, industrial revolution, migration, deindustrialisation
29
Q

People perceiving and presenting a place

A
  • different people have a different sense of place to an area, dependent on their experiences
  • individuals: of proud the present it positively, bad present it negatively
  • organisations: tourism and council present it positively, newspapers may present it badly
  • feelings change how people behave towards a place and generates and identity
30
Q

Groups influencing perseption

A
  • governments: attract people or investment
  • corporate bodies: generate a profit
  • Community or local groups: improve the local economy and the lives of the locals
  • main strategies: place marketing, reimagining (remove the negative), rebranding (appeal to investors)
31
Q

Representing a place - statistics

A
  • census data
  • gives quantitative information
  • are objective but can be used subjectively
32
Q

Representing a place - maps

A
  • show quantitative demographic and economic data
  • show qualitative eg happiness levels
  • can be reliable and misleading
33
Q

Representing a place - films, art, photography

A
  • visual representation and gives a sense of character
  • photographs can only show a moment
  • films and tv evoke a sense of place
  • paintings are less reliable as they are the artists interpretation but can effectively convey a sense of place and character
34
Q

Representing a place - stories, articles, music and poetry

A
  • written representation can describe a place and evoke feelings but only from authors perspective
  • newspapers can give lots of detail but may be biased
  • stories, poetry, music can give an emotional response but only from the writers perspective
35
Q

The global shift

A

The international relocation of different types of industrial activity

36
Q

Technological change

A

Online retail has meant many shops have has to shut

37
Q

Forces of change

A
  • Global institutions
  • TNC’s
  • international institutions
  • individuals
  • local government
  • charities
  • national government
38
Q

Example of continuity - Bournville

A
  • built in 1879 for the workers of the Cadbury factory
  • Bournville has the same character even though it is not for the factory workers
  • were quakers so couldn’t by alcohol - this is still the case
39
Q

Topophilia

A

The human love of a place

40
Q

Topophobia

A

A dread or hatred of a place

41
Q

Endogenous factors affecting a place

A
  • land use
  • economic characteristics
  • physical geography
  • topography
  • demographic characteristics
  • built environment
  • location
  • infrastructure
42
Q

Laissez-faire - regeneration and rebranding

A

Do nothing. The theory that believes that change will leave society better in the long term (businesses will move to an area where there is surplus unemployment)

43
Q

Place re-making

A

Describes the collected physical, social, economic and cultural changes to a place: redevelopment, reimagining rebranding

44
Q

Perception of place

A

The interrelationships between a society’s cultural identity and place identity explains why people have different perception of place

45
Q

Aspects of cultural identity

A
  • language eg Liverpool
  • food eg Balti triangle, Chinese quarter, german market (Birmingham)
  • clothing
  • religion
  • landscape
  • ecosystems
  • climate
46
Q

Voluntary exclusion

A

Some people may chose to be excluded and separate from society
- eg Notting hill, Detroit, South Africa

47
Q

Involuntary exclusion

A

Some outsiders may feel like they don’t belong

- eg anti-homeless benches

48
Q

Homogenous culture

A

A single ethnic group

- eg New York boroughs

49
Q

Hetrogenous

A

A mix of a number of ethnic groups

- eg new york as a whole

50
Q

Areas of placeslessness

A
  • airports

- embasys

51
Q

Placelessness

A

Places loosing their sense of place and uniqueness

  • places become clone towns eg have all the same shops on the high street
  • EXAMPLE = Disneyland, Mickey mouse is only out in 1 Disneyland at a time around the world
52
Q

Increase in Chinese tourits

A

There has been a 27% increase in Chinese visitors to Britain

  • visit Britain - Chinese name UK landmarks and have to take a photo there (brings tourists in)
  • Gherkin = pickled little cucmber
53
Q

Examples of a media place

A
  • Port Isaac and Port Wenn
  • Art work - both campden and detroit
  • friends - central perk

A Level Geography (51 decks)

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