Changing Places Flashcards
What is place?
Location and meaning, (physical characteristics, human characteristics, flows, sense of place)
Creating of insider and outsider place
Many people create identity if they feel connected, individuals share characteristics that bind them to a group and share identity
Insider place
Someone who is familiar and feels connected with a place and who feels welcome
Outsider
Someone who feels unwelcome or excluded from a place
Experienced place
Places that people have spent time in - opinions are based on their experiences such as what they have done and who they have met, shape sense of place
Media place
Places that people have not been to but have created a sense of place through their depiction in the media
Near place
Thought of as geographically near to where a person lives
Far place
A place that is geographically distance from where a person lives
Effects of globalisation
Has effected people’s experience of geographical distance: improvements to travel, ICT, more interconnected, TNCs
Placelessness
How globalisation is making distant places look and fell the same (loss of sense of place to an area that you know)
Endogenous factors
The internal factors which shape a place’s character eg physical eg topography, human eg built environment
Exogenous
The external factors which shape a place’s character including the relationship to other places and the flows in and out of a place
Location affecting a place
- Where the place is
- features that are present because of their location eg coast
Topography affecting a place
- shaped by the physical shape eg in a valley
- affects land use eg farming and industries
Physical geography affecting place
- refers to the environmental features
- land forms from rock type
- economic characteristic eg rich in natural resources such as iron or coal
Land use affecting place
- human activities that occur on the land
- directly defining character of places
- land use affects the built environment eg high density buildings
- changes over time
Built environment and infrastructure affecting place
- structures such as transport, communication and services
- town and cities have higher density of buildings and better communications
- villages are more spread out and smaller with not much networks
Demographic and economic characteristics of a place
- age, gender, education, religion, birth rates, ethnicity, population size
- directly contribute to the character of a place
- work and money affect employment rates in come and the overall feel of an area
Exogenous factors affecting place
- relative location to other places such as commuter settlements
- tourism influences the character
- flows of investment (free trade)
- migration (money)
- resources
- ideas
External flows causing places to change
- Flows of people, money, resources, ideas
- Improved transport, networks, communication
- Affected by either demographic and cultrual OR economic and social characteristics
Demographic change caused by flows
- flows of people eg young leaving home
- flows of money and investment by government or businesses changes who is there
- flows of idea and resources eg ideas such as birth control can flow into a new place changing demographic
Flows affect cultural characteristics
- flows of people: by moving or visiting new cultures mix and change characteristics
- flows of money, investment and ideas eg new cultural ideas
Economic characteristics affected by flows
- flows of people: eg St ives is now a tourist destination so affecting jobs
- flows of resources: the outward flow of local products or natural resources from a place
- flows of money and investment can positively or negatively impact the economic characteristics
Flows affecting social inequality
- flows of people: regional migration for rural to urban changed social character and levels of social inequality
- flows of resources: outward flows of natural resources from poorer countries can change levels of social inequality
- flows of money and investment: process of gentrification improving the social characteristics of a place
Government policies changing a place
- Government can affect the demographic eg controlling the population
- government policies can affect the cultural characteristics eg controlling immigration
- government policies can affect demographic, economic and social characteristics eg regeneration projects such as Hulme
Decisions of TNC’s changing a place
- TNC’s impact the demographic, social, economic characteristics eg Detroit manufacturing
- TNC’s give massive economic boost eg jobs and high wages
- TNC’s bring in large numbers of migrants
- loss of TNC’s effects and causes that change again
Impacts of international or global institutions driving change
- World Food Programme provides food assistance wherever it is needed, changing the social and demographic characteristics by preventing death
- World Bank that invests in many projects aimed to reduce poverty effecting the demographic, cultural, economic and social characteristics of a place
Past and present connections developing the shape of a place
- connections from past shape the preset eg past sea trade between London and NYC linking cultures
- new connections eg London and NYC as world cities strengthening character bu finance, banking, internet, fast travel
- past: location of a place, industrial revolution, migration, deindustrialisation
People perceiving and presenting a place
- different people have a different sense of place to an area, dependent on their experiences
- individuals: of proud the present it positively, bad present it negatively
- organisations: tourism and council present it positively, newspapers may present it badly
- feelings change how people behave towards a place and generates and identity
Groups influencing perseption
- governments: attract people or investment
- corporate bodies: generate a profit
- Community or local groups: improve the local economy and the lives of the locals
- main strategies: place marketing, reimagining (remove the negative), rebranding (appeal to investors)
Representing a place - statistics
- census data
- gives quantitative information
- are objective but can be used subjectively
Representing a place - maps
- show quantitative demographic and economic data
- show qualitative eg happiness levels
- can be reliable and misleading
Representing a place - films, art, photography
- visual representation and gives a sense of character
- photographs can only show a moment
- films and tv evoke a sense of place
- paintings are less reliable as they are the artists interpretation but can effectively convey a sense of place and character
Representing a place - stories, articles, music and poetry
- written representation can describe a place and evoke feelings but only from authors perspective
- newspapers can give lots of detail but may be biased
- stories, poetry, music can give an emotional response but only from the writers perspective
The global shift
The international relocation of different types of industrial activity
Technological change
Online retail has meant many shops have has to shut
Forces of change
- Global institutions
- TNC’s
- international institutions
- individuals
- local government
- charities
- national government
Example of continuity - Bournville
- built in 1879 for the workers of the Cadbury factory
- Bournville has the same character even though it is not for the factory workers
- were quakers so couldn’t by alcohol - this is still the case
Topophilia
The human love of a place
Topophobia
A dread or hatred of a place
Endogenous factors affecting a place
- land use
- economic characteristics
- physical geography
- topography
- demographic characteristics
- built environment
- location
- infrastructure
Laissez-faire - regeneration and rebranding
Do nothing. The theory that believes that change will leave society better in the long term (businesses will move to an area where there is surplus unemployment)
Place re-making
Describes the collected physical, social, economic and cultural changes to a place: redevelopment, reimagining rebranding
Perception of place
The interrelationships between a society’s cultural identity and place identity explains why people have different perception of place
Aspects of cultural identity
- language eg Liverpool
- food eg Balti triangle, Chinese quarter, german market (Birmingham)
- clothing
- religion
- landscape
- ecosystems
- climate
Voluntary exclusion
Some people may chose to be excluded and separate from society
- eg Notting hill, Detroit, South Africa
Involuntary exclusion
Some outsiders may feel like they don’t belong
- eg anti-homeless benches
Homogenous culture
A single ethnic group
- eg New York boroughs
Hetrogenous
A mix of a number of ethnic groups
- eg new york as a whole
Areas of placeslessness
- airports
- embasys
Placelessness
Places loosing their sense of place and uniqueness
- places become clone towns eg have all the same shops on the high street
- EXAMPLE = Disneyland, Mickey mouse is only out in 1 Disneyland at a time around the world
Increase in Chinese tourits
There has been a 27% increase in Chinese visitors to Britain
- visit Britain - Chinese name UK landmarks and have to take a photo there (brings tourists in)
- Gherkin = pickled little cucmber
Examples of a media place
- Port Isaac and Port Wenn
- Art work - both campden and detroit
- friends - central perk
