Mumbai - CUE Flashcards
Mumbai’s problems
Water pollution: increase understanding of water pollution, proper rubbish collection, sewers installed
Air pollution: Monorail set up, ‘burn fat not fuel’ (cycling), vegetation planted on flat roof of buildings
Dereliction: train unemployed to build, build better infrastructure
Monsoon/ SLR: educate
Challenges of physical environment
Water pollution: untreated sewage, industrial waste, animal waste, oil and rubbish dumped
Air pollution: 2010 chlorine leak led to 10 in ICU, high carbon monoxide
Dereliction: little opportunity to rebuild, areas become slums
Monsoons: impermeable surface
Sea level rise
Economic sectors
Manufacturing of metals and textiles
Informal work sector
Push factor
- poor food and water supply
- no relief for drought
- lack of communication
- lack of sanitation
Pull factors
- more money for jobs
- imporved technology for communication
- bollywood
- imporved quality of life
- more opportunities
- more services
- better housing
Physical characteristics
- min temp = 23C, max = 30C
- only jsut above sea level
- monsoon rainfall can peak at 600mm in july
Human characteristics
- a world city
- Dharavi has some of the most expensive buildings in the world = 28 story @ £2billion
- urban population of aroun 22 million
- 41% live in slums
- 67% Hindu and 18% muslim
- average age is 30
- 25% of pop earn less than £2000, 27% earn more than £10,000
Economic patterns and inequality
- commercial capital of India, and an IT hub
- rag pickers collect usable rubbish at 50p per bag
- high crime rates, no electricity and running water (slums)
- not enough schools for the population
- 26% short of nurses and 44% short of doctors
- rich can afford private education and private health care
- more than half live in poverty in slums
Key facts
- 40% international flights land in mumbai
- 15,000 people use the same toilet everyday
- rent is as low at £2.20 a month
- 10-15 people live in the same house
Solutions for the future
- £2 billion plan to demolish recyclig and the slum
- have to build skyscrapers
- only parts of the slum populatio will be given houses
Inequality in Mumbai
- millionaires live in slums where 40% of people earn less than $10 a day
- infant mortality rate = 33.3 (UK= 3.9)
social segregation
- racial discrimination against African migrants (forced into slums, racial prejudice, verbal abuse, greater risk of arrest)
- fewer opportunities for women in slums - resort to prostitution
- lower literacy rates for women
- 60% literacy rates in the slums (90% in city)
cultural diversity
- home to Bollywood movie industry
- influx in African migrants
- few foreign migrants mainly see rural to urban migration
Dharavi
1 square mile
1 million people
1 billion dollar output
managing social and economic issues
- community toilet program: toilets run by NGOs and local communities, users pay a small fee for usage
- BMC have demolished slums to rebuild housing at a higher density
- corruption is a barrier to development: transport projects have been delayed, outdated rules survive as elite find the current situation lucrative
- have improved transportation: first metro line ion 2014
