London - CUE

Question 1

Physical characteristics

Answer 1

3.6 times bigger than Mumbai
Temperature increases towards CBD due to urban heat island effect (no wet or dry)
8/-7 C in winter
20-30 C in summer 
Main hazard of flooding

Question 2

Human characteristics

Answer 2

8.9 million population
48.4% Christian, 20.7% no religion
30-34 = 10% of population
Smaller gap between rich and poor
Mean income = £51,700
Median income = £39,000 (big gap between top 1% and lowest %

Question 3

London as a PMWC

Answer 3

has increasingly become postmodern
Shard, Gherkin, Walkie Talkie are move towards post modernisation
Variety of cultures, arts, ethnicities give postmodern feel
Not totally postmodern

Question 4

Economic patterns and inequality

Answer 4

• 15 head offices of the largest 250 largest global companies
• 6th largest city economy
• 2/3 of visits are from Europeans
• Londoners earn 23% more than UK average and spend 24% more
• House prices over £500,000 in 2013
• 50% of London’s wealth owned by richest 10%
• bottom 50% own 5% of its wealth
• someone in the top 10% has wealth 295x greater than someone in the bottom 10%

Question 5

Social well being patterns/ social segregation

Answer 5

Every £1 of wealth owned by poorest 10%, top 10% owned £172
Well paid jobs for highly skilled workers
People with minimum wage find it hard to get on housing ladder
Grenfell Town fire - issues in segregation: majority of people were working class, Chelsea residence complained about the appearance of the building

Question 6

Challenges of the physical environment

Answer 6

Water pollution: agriculture chemical run off, car pollutants, domestic water
Air pollution: over 900 Londoners die every year due to toxic air, 2x more likely to die in poorer areas
Dereliction: 250 ha of brownfield sites are not in line for development

Question 7

Solving London’s problems

Answer 7

Water pollution: highly regulated water disposal, correct plumbing
Air pollution: ultra low emission zone, T-charge, £300 million on transforming buses
Dereliction: 24% rise in proportion of new developments on brownfield sites
STRATFORD - Olympic park, £9.3 billion invested
Westfield shopping centre, £950 million in sales

Question 8

Environmental sustainability

Answer 8

London sustainable development commission
Congestion charge
Green transport, hybrid electric bus, 1,400 charging station around the city of cars
Boris bikes have increase cycles by 173%

Question 9

Perception of London

Answer 9

Voted ‘best perceived’ city in the world due to high levels of tourism
Buildings stand out
Outsider = red buses, finance economy
Negative = 5 terror attacks in 2017 meaning tourism declined

Question 10

cultural diversity

Answer 10

• over 50% not white British
• Proportions of ethnic minorities differ between boroughs
• hate crime on race July 2014 - July 2015 saw 800 antimuslim incidents

Question 11

solving social and economic issues

Answer 11

• £9.75 London living wage in 2016 (increased)
• increasing income and social mobility in deprived areas
• plans to build more affordable homes in London
• less affluent will be in rich areas = reducing social segregation
• police are tackling hate crime - getting people to report it and offering victims support
• charities calling for better access to English classes for immigrants and mentoring schemes
• want to increase integration between groups