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PSYC 305 > Phenomenological Approach/Motive Theories > Flashcards

Phenomenological Approach/Motive Theories Flashcards

1
Q

what are motives

A

internal states that direct behaviour based on needs
can be consious or unconscious

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2
Q

what are the 2 motive theories and personality

A

early motive theorists
the humanistic (aka phenomenological) perspective

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3
Q

what does TAT stand for

A

Thematic apperception test

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4
Q

what does a TAT test show us

A

inner motives based on the interpretation of a photo

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5
Q

Murray’s theory

A

have needs, press, and apperception

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6
Q

Murray’s needs

A

achievement
exhibition
order
dominance
aggression
autonomy
affilitation/intimacy
nurturance
abasement
blame-avoidance
succor

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7
Q

Murray’s press

A

needs are only activated in certain environments/ stimuli

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8
Q

murray’s apperception

A

we only process our environment based on our current needs

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9
Q

McClelland’s motive theory

A

have implicit and explicit motives that are independent of each other
implicit- long term
explicit- shorter term

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10
Q

McClelland’s big 3 motives

A

achievement
power
affiliation/intimacy

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11
Q

why is achievement one of the big 3 motives?

A

prefer to be moderately challenged
want feedback
choose carreers with some risk/ much personal responsiblity

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12
Q

why is power one of the big 3 motives?

A

want to control others
argumentative
risk-taking
prefer less popular friends

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13
Q

why is intimacy one of the big 3 motives?

A

focus on relationships
relates most to happiness/satisfaction in life

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14
Q

who are the early motive theorists

A

Murray
McClelland

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15
Q

who are the humanistic theorists?

A

Maslow
Rogers

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16
Q

what is the humanistic perspective?

A

use of motive theories to apply to betterment of life
conscious motives

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17
Q

assumptions in humanistic perspective

A

subjective reality is more important than objective reality
people are intrinsically good and strive to be great
there is a universal need to for positive self-regard

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18
Q

Maslow’s beliefs

A

humans have innate desire for self actualization, self esteem, and belongingness

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19
Q

Maslow’d hierachy of needs from bottom to top

A

physiological needs
safety needs
belongingness/love needs
esteem needs
self-actualization needs

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20
Q

what part of the hierarchy is society responsible for providing?

A

physiological needs

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21
Q

at what level of the hierarchy are you a fully functioning person?

A

self actualization need is met

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22
Q

characteristics of a self-actualized person

A

self-acceptance
solitude
independence from culture
frequent peak experiences
creativity

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23
Q

peak experiences

A

unity of self with universe
feeling power and wonder

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24
Q

modern take of Maslow’s Hierarchy

A

evolutionarily driven instead of just psychological

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25
Q

problems with Maslow

A

no evidence for need to self-actualize
no innate need for self-actualization
inconsistent with human nature

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26
Q

what are the levels of the modern hierarchy of needs?

A

physiological needs
self protection
affiliation
esteem
mate aquisition
mate retention
parenting

27
Q

Roger’s theory

A

people are intrinsically goos and strive for self-understanding/acceptance, maturity and autonomy
innate goodness can be achieved if society is helpful
emphasis on self

28
Q

how does roger’s say we can be full functioning?

A

client centered therapy

29
Q

how does client centered therapy work

A

show unconditional positive regard for client so client can express their authentic self

30
Q

James’ theory

A

duality of self

31
Q

duality of self

A

the Me; the observed
the I; observing

32
Q

self-consciousness

A

the I, self awareness

33
Q

self-concept

A

the me, concept of one’s self as a being

34
Q

self-esteem

A

evaluation of one’s self, I self looking at me self

35
Q

classifications that can be made for self concept

A

personal characteristics
ascribed identities
social group identities
interests/activities
abstract/existential

36
Q

ways to know a child has a sense of self

A

linguistic markers
cognitive behavioural markers
emotional markers

37
Q

when do linguistic markers for sense of self start to appear?

A

18 months

38
Q

linguistic markers for sense of self

A

referencing ‘i’, ‘me’, ‘mine’
nonvebral recognition of self-accomplishment
narrative language

39
Q

when do cognitive markers for sense of self start to appear?

A

18-24 months

40
Q

cognitive markers of sense of self

A

imitation androle taking
mirror self recognition

41
Q

what is a way to see if children/animals can identify themselves in a mirroe?

A

rouge test

42
Q

what animals self-recognize in the mirror?

A

chimps, orangutans, gorillas
elephants
dolphins
humans
magpies

43
Q

when do emotional markers for sense of self start to appear?

A

2.5-3 years old

44
Q

emotional markers for sense of self

A

self-conscious emotions
empathy
evaluates the self (I looks at me)

45
Q

Cooley theory on self-concept

A

looking glass theory
self is socially constructed by always seeing ourselves through the eyes of others

46
Q

multiple selves

A

we see ourselves differently in different social roles

47
Q

study result on adpativeness of multiple selves

A

multiple selves showed lower well-being and self-esteem

48
Q

what can cause us to have multiple selves later in life

A

low well-being and self esteem in uni
frequenet relationship and career changes

49
Q

unitary selve

A

see ourselves as similar across social roles

50
Q

components of self-esteem

A

affective component
cognitive component

51
Q

affective component of self esteem

A

feelings about the self

52
Q

cognitive componenet of self esteem

A

thoughts about one’s abilities

53
Q

how to measure self esteem

A

self report
similarity between actual and ideal self
observer
pictorial pmeasures for children

54
Q

example of measure of self-esteem

A

Rosenberg self-esteem scale

55
Q

what are the findings of longitudinal study of undergrad self esteem

A

dip down at end of semester 1
Back up at the end of Y1
more or less even until year 4, slight upwards trend

56
Q

self esteem across the lifespan trends

A

dip down in teens
up in 20s and constant
upwards trend starting at 50, returns to child levelsat 60
dlowest dip at 70+

57
Q

true or false: americans show less of a self-esteem decline in old age

A

true

58
Q

limitations of self-esteem through lifetime study

A

sample selectivity; internet users
cohort effects; old people lived through war
selective mortality; high self esteem leads to death?

59
Q

what did the noise blasting study show was happening to kids enrolled in high self-esteem programs

A

had increased narcissism, not increased self-esteem

60
Q

what is the problem with using positive illusions for children’s achievements?

A

sets unrealistic standards that can leadto narcissism
positive feedback with no actual accomplishment
threatens ego

61
Q

what happened to students that entered university with positive illusions?

A

happier, but did not perform as well in school as they thought
disengage from school
more likely to drop out
self-esteem dropped
ahs conflicting results

62
Q

what differs with positive allusions of the short term and long term

A

short term; increased well being and self esteem, better performance
long term; decreased well-being and self-esteem
disengagement from school/dropped out

63
Q

self-narrative

A

life story

64
Q

components of self-narrative

A

self-defining memory
life chapters
key events
significant people
future script
stresses
personal ideology
life theme

PSYC 305 (15 decks)

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