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PSYC 305 > Overview Topics > Flashcards

Overview Topics Flashcards

1
Q

what drives behaviour from the psychodynamic perspective?

A

defense mechanisms
instincts

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2
Q

what are the defense mechanisms?

A

repression
denial
rationalization
displacement
reaction formation
projection
sublimation

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3
Q

what is repression

A

event pushed away from awareness

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4
Q

what is denial

A

convince self event didn’t occur

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5
Q

what is displacement

A

threatening impulse redirected to nonthreatening target

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6
Q

what is reaction formation

A

push down impulse and exhibit opposite behaviour of impulse

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7
Q

what is projection

A

seeing own disliked qualities in others and disliking them for it

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8
Q

what is sublimation

A

convert unacceptable desire into acceptable one

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9
Q

which defense mechanism is the more adaptive?

A

sublimation

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10
Q

what are our basic instincts?

A

life instinct + death instinct

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11
Q

what is our life instinct

A

sex

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12
Q

what is our death instinct

A

aggression

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13
Q

what is a freudian slip

A

there are no accidents in language/behaviour and it all comes from our internal instincts

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14
Q

what drives behaviour from a phenomenological/humanistic perspective?

A

self-concept
identity
self-actualization

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15
Q

what is self concept

A

yourself as a physical, social, psychological, and moral being

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16
Q

what does highly differentiated self-concept lead to?

A

psychological fragmentation leading to multiple selves/roles
lack of integrated core self

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17
Q

what is your identity?

A

ego
narrative of ourselves we tell ourselves

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18
Q

what is self actualization

A

self acceptance
solitufde
independence from culture
unity with the universe
creativity
top of maslows hierarchy of needs

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19
Q

what drives behaviour from the biological perspective?

A

traits
genes
physiology

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20
Q

what are traits

A

stable dispositions of our personality

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21
Q

what are genes

A

heritable part of DNA that can influence phenotypes

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22
Q

what is heritability?

A

extent to which individual differences in traits within a group are due to genetics

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23
Q

what is physiology?

A

state your body is in terms of arousal/hormones/etc

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24
Q

what is temperament

A

biologically based traits present at birth

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25
Q

what can temperament influence

A

excitability
sociability
activity level

26
Q

what is BIS

A

behavioural inhibitory system
avoidance
-extraversion and +neuroticism

27
Q

what is BAS

A

behavioural approach system
impulsive
+extraversion and +neuroticism

28
Q

what is the biological theory of extraversion?

A

extroverts are under-aroused by stimuli
introverts are over-aroused by stimuli

29
Q

what drives behaviour from thebehaviourist perspective?

A

conditioning
reinforcement
modelling

30
Q

what is conditioning

A

learning that occurs through patterns of reinforcement or punishment
can mold personality entirely this way (according to behaviourists)

31
Q

how can you reinforce something?

A

classical conditioning
operant conditioning

32
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

associating involuntary behaviour with stimulus

33
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

associating a voluntary action with a consequence

34
Q

what is modelling

A

obervational learning through social learning

35
Q

what drives behaviour from the cognitive perspective?

A

personal constructs
explanatory style
schemas

36
Q

how do personal constructs affect our behaviour?

A

our perception shapes our interpretations of reality and therefore our personality

37
Q

what are the components of explanatory style

A

locus
stability
globality

38
Q

what is fatalism

A

when explanatory style is stable

39
Q

what is catastrophizing

A

when explanatory style os global

40
Q

what explanatory style do pessimists/depressed people have?

A

internal stable and global

41
Q

what is the healthiest explanatory style to have

A

internal, unstable, and specific

42
Q

what are schemas

A

pattern of thought that organizes info and tells us how to interpret it

43
Q

how can schemas affect behaviour

A

changing a -ve schema to a +ve one can lead to a more positive mindset

44
Q

which psychological perspective is correct?

A

none/all
they all provide a different lens

45
Q

how can traits predict behaviour

A

broad predicts broad
narrow predicts narrow

46
Q

what theory best describes the relationship between person/ situation on behaviour?

A

interactionism

47
Q

what is interactionism

A

person and situation influence behaviour depending on level of constraint
high constraint -> S predicts B
low constraint -> P predicts B

48
Q

what is the PEN model

A

psychoticism
extraversion
neuroticism
rooted in biology

49
Q

what controls psychoticism

A

testosterone levels

50
Q

what controls extraversion

A

physiological arousal

51
Q

what controls neuroticism

A

ANS fluctuations

52
Q

what is a critcism of the PEN model

A

not all-inclusive of other found heritable traits

53
Q

what is the B5 model

A

lexical and statistical model
OCEAN

54
Q

what is criticism of the B5 model

A

doesnt cover:
-/+ valence
spirituality
honesty/humility

55
Q

what are motives

A

directors of behaviour based on needs/tension

56
Q

what are McClellands big 3 motives

A

achievement
power
affiliation/intimacy

57
Q

what are emotions

A

discrete momentary experiences

58
Q

what factors make up emotions

A

feelings
thoughts
brain activation
physiology
nonverbal expression

59
Q

how do emotions affect our behaviour

A

emotional regulation effects our cognitive appraisal of events

60
Q

what are examples of dispositional tendencies to chronically feel emotions?

A

mood
temperament
emotional disorders

61
Q

what emotion is extraversion linked to

A

happiness

62
Q

what emotion is neuroticism linked to

A

sadness

PSYC 305 (15 decks)

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