Overview Topics Flashcards
what drives behaviour from the psychodynamic perspective?
defense mechanisms
instincts
what are the defense mechanisms?
repression
denial
rationalization
displacement
reaction formation
projection
sublimation
what is repression
event pushed away from awareness
what is denial
convince self event didn’t occur
what is displacement
threatening impulse redirected to nonthreatening target
what is reaction formation
push down impulse and exhibit opposite behaviour of impulse
what is projection
seeing own disliked qualities in others and disliking them for it
what is sublimation
convert unacceptable desire into acceptable one
which defense mechanism is the more adaptive?
sublimation
what are our basic instincts?
life instinct + death instinct
what is our life instinct
sex
what is our death instinct
aggression
what is a freudian slip
there are no accidents in language/behaviour and it all comes from our internal instincts
what drives behaviour from a phenomenological/humanistic perspective?
self-concept
identity
self-actualization
what is self concept
yourself as a physical, social, psychological, and moral being
what does highly differentiated self-concept lead to?
psychological fragmentation leading to multiple selves/roles
lack of integrated core self
what is your identity?
ego
narrative of ourselves we tell ourselves
what is self actualization
self acceptance
solitufde
independence from culture
unity with the universe
creativity
top of maslows hierarchy of needs
what drives behaviour from the biological perspective?
traits
genes
physiology
what are traits
stable dispositions of our personality
what are genes
heritable part of DNA that can influence phenotypes
what is heritability?
extent to which individual differences in traits within a group are due to genetics
what is physiology?
state your body is in terms of arousal/hormones/etc
what is temperament
biologically based traits present at birth
what can temperament influence
excitability
sociability
activity level
what is BIS
behavioural inhibitory system
avoidance
-extraversion and +neuroticism
what is BAS
behavioural approach system
impulsive
+extraversion and +neuroticism
what is the biological theory of extraversion?
extroverts are under-aroused by stimuli
introverts are over-aroused by stimuli
what drives behaviour from thebehaviourist perspective?
conditioning
reinforcement
modelling
what is conditioning
learning that occurs through patterns of reinforcement or punishment
can mold personality entirely this way (according to behaviourists)
how can you reinforce something?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
what is classical conditioning
associating involuntary behaviour with stimulus
what is operant conditioning
associating a voluntary action with a consequence
what is modelling
obervational learning through social learning
what drives behaviour from the cognitive perspective?
personal constructs
explanatory style
schemas
how do personal constructs affect our behaviour?
our perception shapes our interpretations of reality and therefore our personality
what are the components of explanatory style
locus
stability
globality
what is fatalism
when explanatory style is stable
what is catastrophizing
when explanatory style os global
what explanatory style do pessimists/depressed people have?
internal stable and global
what is the healthiest explanatory style to have
internal, unstable, and specific
what are schemas
pattern of thought that organizes info and tells us how to interpret it
how can schemas affect behaviour
changing a -ve schema to a +ve one can lead to a more positive mindset
which psychological perspective is correct?
none/all
they all provide a different lens
how can traits predict behaviour
broad predicts broad
narrow predicts narrow
what theory best describes the relationship between person/ situation on behaviour?
interactionism
what is interactionism
person and situation influence behaviour depending on level of constraint
high constraint -> S predicts B
low constraint -> P predicts B
what is the PEN model
psychoticism
extraversion
neuroticism
rooted in biology
what controls psychoticism
testosterone levels
what controls extraversion
physiological arousal
what controls neuroticism
ANS fluctuations
what is a critcism of the PEN model
not all-inclusive of other found heritable traits
what is the B5 model
lexical and statistical model
OCEAN
what is criticism of the B5 model
doesnt cover:
-/+ valence
spirituality
honesty/humility
what are motives
directors of behaviour based on needs/tension
what are McClellands big 3 motives
achievement
power
affiliation/intimacy
what are emotions
discrete momentary experiences
what factors make up emotions
feelings
thoughts
brain activation
physiology
nonverbal expression
how do emotions affect our behaviour
emotional regulation effects our cognitive appraisal of events
what are examples of dispositional tendencies to chronically feel emotions?
mood
temperament
emotional disorders
what emotion is extraversion linked to
happiness
what emotion is neuroticism linked to
sadness
