Contemporary Psychoanalytic Approaches Flashcards
Freud’s contribution to modern personality research
talking cure
mind-body association
psychic influences on behaviour may be subconscious
case study method
what parts of freud’s theory do contemporary methods cut out?
unconscious is all about sex
psychosexual stages of development
what is the modern view of repression?
resurfaced repressed memories are not reliable because
- false memories are easily implanted
- traumatic events are not often repressed
mind-body connection
stress in mind can lead to illness in the body
why are false memories easily implanted?
there’s no limit of implantable ideas and no limit of length of time since they happened
what was the false memory study?
first interview aked about a fake event from their childhood
second interview, 47% students ‘remembered’ the event
what is evidence tha traumatic events are not often repressed?
PTSD in soldiers and victims that influence their daily lives
true or false; many practitioners still encourage people to unearth repressed memories in therapy
false, feel that unearthed memories are not real
true or false; therapists who suggest recovery of repressed trauma memories cause their patients to be 20 times more likely to report a repressed memory of abuse
true
what is the modern view of the unconscious
motivated view
cognitive view
motivated view of unconscious
we bury hidden needs/desires in the unconscious
cognitive view of unconscious
info perceived may become unconscious and influence us, but is not buried
which view of unconsciousness is similar to freud’s pre-conscious?
cognitive view
what is sublimal priming
concepts perceived and influencing us without us knowing
what is the most effective type of priming?
product placement; product is embedded in film/TV subtly
who worked on the modern view of the Ego?
Anna Freud
Erik Erikson
what is the difference between Sigmund’s and Anna’s/Erik’s view of the ego?
conscious has more control on who we are as a person than just the subconscious
conscious controls ones environment and secures identity
difference between erikson’s 8 developmental stages from Freuds psychosexual development
covers full lifespan
allows development in adulthood
similarities between erikson’s 8 developmental stages and Freuds psychosexual development
each stage has conflict
failure to resolve conflict leads to crisis
narcissism
exaggerated positive self-esteem
narcissism paradox
people who seem to think they’re great may feel more secure underneath
what kind of defense mechanism is narcissism?
reaction formation
where does the name narcissism come from
Narcissism; stared at his reflection so much he lost his chance with hot nymph
diagnosis characteristics for narcissistic personality disorder
grandiosity
dominance
entitlement
superiority
non-clinical characteristics of narcissism
bragging
excessive positive view of self and negative view of others
egotism
entitlement
superiority
derogation of others
example of a well known narcissist
Armand Hammer
Arnold Schwarzenegger
childhood causes of narcissism?
over-idealization of child
excessive criticism when don’t reach unrealistic standards
narcissictic wound
narcissistic wound
early humiliation experience
core shock to the system they want to hide away
ways to measure narcissism
unrealistic beliefs in abilities
amount of fantasies of power/success etc
entitlement
grandiosity
what is expected of a narcissistic that goes to therapy?
come for external life problems
hard to treat because enter a shame spiral when aware of behaviour
methods of narcissistic illusions experiment
rate self performance on a task relative to others
DV; self-enhancement bias
IV; manipulation of self focused attention
control; evaluate right after group discussion
exp; evaluate after eseeing videotape of self participatin
self-enhancement bias
degree to which self-evaluation is more positive than objective evaluation
results of narcissistic illusions experiment
narcissist’s self evaluation increases after viewing their own performance
sees no faults in self
two types of narcissist
grandiose
fragile
grandiose narcissist
exxagerate d sense of self-importance
no empathy
critical
controlling
blames other people for shortcomings
little insights into own behaviour/motives
fragile narcissist
unhappy, depressed, despondent
critical
exaggerated sense of self-importance
anxious
envious
feelings of emptiness
seems priviledges and entitled
feels inedequate, inferior, liek a failure
similarities between grandiose and fragile narcissist
entitled
critical
high self importance
object relations theory
social relationships in adulthood originate in childhood from internalized representations of parents
harlow’s experiment
raised monkeys on fake mothers, monkeys mostly preferred fluffy soft fake one than the hard metal one, even when the metal one had food
became anxious, insecure, abnormal sexually
Ainsworth
strange situation procedure
what are the 3 attachment styles in strange situation procedure
secure
avoidant
anxious-ambivalent
what does child’s response in the strange situation predict?
mother’s behaviour to child
internal model for how they think people will treat them later
adult attachment styles
secure attachment style
relatively easy to get close to others and form healthy relationships
avoidant attachment style
uncomfortable being clsoe to others and have hard time trusting
anxious-ambivalent attachment style
go too deep too fast, worried other person in relationship doesn’t like them
studies that investigated early childhood attachment
Harlow’s monkeys
Bowlby
Ainsworth Strange situation
Hazan and Shaver adult attachment
stress test study
what is the stress test study?
hetero couples where female reacts to partners stress
avoidant- no support
secure- supportive
anxious- no support, probably made it worse
true or false; attachment styles can change across the lifespan
true
what is the easiest attachment style to chenge to secure?
anxious attachment style
