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Embryology > pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

when do the pharyngeal arches form

A

4th week of development

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2
Q

What are the four parts of the pharyngeal arches ?

A

arch
pharyngeal pouch
clefts or groves on outside
membrane

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3
Q

A typical pharyngeal arch contains

A

artery
nerve
cartilage
muscular

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4
Q

What two prominences form the first arch

A

mandibular and maxillary prominences

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5
Q

what nerve is from the first arch

A

trigeminal CV nerve

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6
Q

what nerve is from the second arch

A

facial nerve CVII

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7
Q

third arch forms what nerve

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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8
Q

what muscles are derived from the first arch

A

mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric and tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini

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9
Q

what muscles form from the second arch

A

stepedius and stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric

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10
Q

what muscles form from the third arch

A

stylopharyngeus

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11
Q

the fourth and sixth arches give rise to

A

vagus nerve

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12
Q

what muscles are derived from fourth and six arches

A

laryngeal, pharyngeal, constrictors, levator veli palatini, skeletal muscle of esophagus

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13
Q

the fourth arch gives rise to what part of laryngeal muscles

A

cricothyroid (superior laryngeal nerve)

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14
Q

the 6th arch gives rise to

A

the rest of the laryngeal muscles (recurrent laryngeal nerve)

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15
Q

the malleus and incus are from what arch

A

first

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16
Q

the stapes, styloid process, lesser horn, superior portion off body of hyoid is from

A

second arch

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17
Q

greater horn, inferior portion of body of hyoid is from

A

third

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18
Q

laryngeal cartilage is from

A

fourth arch and 6th

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19
Q

treacher’s collins syndrome

A

first arch syndrome

malar/mandibular hypoplasia, down slanting palepebral fissures, malformed external ears

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20
Q

robins sequence

A

first arch syndrome, micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis

21
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

A

tympanic membrane and paryngotympanic tube, ear drum

22
Q

2nd pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

A

palatine tonsil and tonsilar fossa

23
Q

superior 3rd pharyneal pouch gives rise to

A

inferior parathyroid gland

24
Q

inferior 3rd pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

A

thymus gland

25
Q

superior fourth arch gives rise to

A

superior thyroid gland

26
Q

inferior fourth arch gives rise to

A

ultimobranchial body (calcitonin)

27
Q

pharyngeal groove 1 gives rise to

A

tympanic membrane and external auditory canal

28
Q

pharyngeal groove 2 gives rise to

A

cervical sinusd

29
Q

where is the most common location for ectopic thyroid tissue

A

at base of tonque

30
Q

pharyngeal arches are lined with

A

endoderm

31
Q

pharyngeal grooves are lined with

A

ectoderm

32
Q

what produces the opening from the pharynx to the amnionic cavity

A

oropharyngeal membrane

33
Q

when do the salivary glands develop

A

7th week

34
Q

parenchyma of the salivary glands is from

A

neural crest cells

35
Q

what is the muscular component of the pharyngeal arch from ?

A

somitomeres

36
Q

middle part of the first arch gives rise to

A

anterior ligament of malleus and sphenomandibular ligament

37
Q

what is the first endocrine gland to form

A

thyroid gland

38
Q

what is the connection between the tongue and the thyroid?

A

glossopharyngeal duct

39
Q

branchial cysts/fistula

A

results from the persistence of the pharyngeal grooves; branchial fistulas occur when the second arch fails to grow over the third and fourth arches, formation of a lateral cervical cyst; fistulas have an external opening on the lateral aspect of the neck

40
Q

branchial vestiges

A

normally pharngeal cartilages disappear; remnants of cartilage or bony elements under the skin anterior to the inferior 1/3 of the sternocleidomastoid persists

41
Q

ectopic thyroid tissue

A

remnants of thyroid tissue along course of their migration

42
Q

thyroglossal cysts and sinues

A

lie in the mdiline of the neck and re a tubule rementat of the thyroglossal duct

43
Q

neural crest are involved in what two diseases

A

treacher collins syndrome and pierre robin sequence

44
Q

digeorge anomaly

A

involves abnormalities of the heart, parathyroid gland, face, and thymus gland. affected individuals will have congenital heart disease, ususual facial features, low set ears, small jawbone, wide set eyes and without parathyroid glands

45
Q

somatic sensation from anterior 2/3 is from

A

CN V

46
Q

visceral sensation from anterior 2/3 is from

A

CN VII

47
Q

CN IX provides sensory to

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue

48
Q

CN X carries

A

taste from the root of the tonque

Embryology (19 decks)

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