Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embryology > Chapter 2 gametogenesis > Flashcards

Chapter 2 gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

primitive sex cords

A

supporting cells plus the germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

genital ridges

A

areas where the gonads are going to form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the supporting cells of the female ?

A

follicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the supporting cells of the male?

A

sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In male gametogenesis, primordial germ cells lay dormant until when ?

A

puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What hormone and cells places an important role in male gametogenesis

A

LH and leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does spermatogenesis stop ?

A

when the person dies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What hormone do the leydig cells secrete?

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what starts the process of spermatogensis?

A

secretion of testosterone by the leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

spermiogenesis

A

conversion of spermatids into mature sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What four steps occur in spermiogenesis?

A

lose the cytoplasm, condense nucleus, neck+ tail added and acrosome added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

maturation of the sperm occurs where ?

A

vagina of the female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

at week 12 what major step happens in female gametogenesis

A

population of oogonia after their first meiotic prophase become dormant until puberty!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ovarian follicle

A

capsule and the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the follicular cells secrete that prevent further progression of the cell cycle in female gametogenesis ?

A

OMI-oocyte aturation inhibitor helps arrest the process and puts the break in meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two stages of the ovarian cycle ?

A

follicular stage and the luteal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in 5-12 primordial follicles what happenes as a result of FSH and LH ?

A

the follicular cells begen to thicken to cuboidla cells and it becomes a primary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

zona pellucida

A

a glycoprotein coat sereted by the follicular cells and the oocyte together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

graafian follicle

A

the structure that is formed that has an antrum (take up of fluid and space) when the main follicle continues to develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what hormone secretes HcG

A

SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLAST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what hormone does the corpus luteum secrete

A

progesterone until the placenta takes over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

malformations

A

occur during organogenesis in the embryonic period and result in abnormal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

disruptions

A

result from external influence that causes alterations of completely formed structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

deformations

A

abnormal form resulting from mechanical forces (club foot is an example)

25
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal organization of cells into tissue (sacrococcgela teratome)

26
Q

what percentage of congenital abnormalities is caused by genetic factors ?

A

28%

27
Q

agenesis

A

absence of an organ

28
Q

aplasia

A

cells to form an organ never formed

29
Q

association

A

anamalies occuring together without determiend cause

30
Q

atresia

A

absence of an opening or lumen

31
Q

hyperplasia

A

overgrowth of an organ

32
Q

hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment of an organ

33
Q

syndrome

A

a group of anomalies, occurring together with a common cause

34
Q

teratogen

A

subtance affecting migration, proliferation or interaction of cells; results in congenital anomalies

35
Q

What does the G1 phase do?

A

monitors the environment and the cell size to make sure its appropriate for replication

36
Q

pachytene

A

crossing over event (exchange of genetic material that results in unique genetic combinations

37
Q

where do the germ cells arise from

A

the epiblast from primary ectoderm

38
Q

when the primordial follicle gains a zona pellucida and has now become multilaters it is now called the_________–

A

primary follicle

39
Q

What are the two layers of the vesicular follicles or graafian follicles called

A

theca exerna and theca interna

40
Q

what does the theca interna become

A

steroid secreting cells !

41
Q

the granulose cells of the ruptured follicle after ovulation begin to proliferate to what type of cells

A

luteal cells

42
Q

what is the function of the corpus luteum

A

serves to maintain the uterine endometrium in a condition ready to receive an embryo

43
Q

what is the role of the menstrual cycle ?

A

to produce a single female gamete each month

44
Q

what is the cumulus oophorous

A

connects the oocyte to the rest of the graffian follicle

45
Q

what does the corpus luteum become if implantation does NOT occur

A

corpus albicans

46
Q

FSH

A

rises during first half follicular phase, peaks prior to ovulation, declines during luteal phase, functions to stimulate the development of ovarian follicles and production of estrogen

47
Q

LH

A

rises during first half of follicular phase, peaks just prior to obulation, declines at luteal phase and functions to trigger ovulation and production of progesterone

48
Q

estrogens

A

low at first half of follicular phse, rises during 2nd half of follicular phase and peaks before LH surge and decline sat beginning of luteal phase but then increases

49
Q

progesterone

A

low during folliuclar phase, increases prior to ovulation, in prenancy levels remain high, no pregnancy means rapid decline of progesterone due to degeration of corpus luteum

50
Q

what are the three phases of uterine progresstion

A

meststrual, proliferative, secreory, ischemic

51
Q

thecal cells from the theca externa secrete

A

estrogen

52
Q

trisomy 18

A

intellectual disability, congenital heart defects, low set ears, flextion of fingers and hands, renal abnormalities, microagnathi (small jaw) a, syndactyly, and malformations of skeletal system, three copies of trisomy 18

53
Q

trisomy 21

A

down’s syndrome, growth retardation, varying degrees of intellectual disability, craniofacial abnormalities, extra skin folds, flat faces, small ears, hypotonia, premature aging risk of leukemia, thyroid disease and infection three copies of 21

54
Q

trisomy 13

A

intellectual disability, holoprosencelphly, heart defects, deafness, cleft lip, palate and eye defects microphthalmia(small eye), anophthalmia (missing and eye) and coloboma(hole in eye)

55
Q

klinefelter syndrome

A

found only in males usually detected by amnioentesis, sterility, testicular atrophy, 47 chromosomes, XXY, barr body is also present,

56
Q

turner syndrome

A

X karyotype, only monosomey compatible with life, absence of ovaries, short statur, webbed neck, lymphedema, broad chest and wise spaced nipples

57
Q

Triple X

A

often undergo undiagnosed, frequently have speech problems

58
Q

Angelman syndrome

A

microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 15 on the maternal chromosome, cannot speakm poor motor development and unprovoked laughter

59
Q

prader willi syndrome

A

microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 15 that occurs on the paternal chromosome, hypotonia, obesity, intellectual disability, hypogonadism, and undescended testes

Embryology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions