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Embryology > Embryogenesis and Fetal Period > Flashcards

Embryogenesis and Fetal Period Flashcards

1
Q

neurulation

A

ectoderm thickens and becomes known as the neural place

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2
Q

what happens on day 22 in reference to the neural plate

A

it begins to fold inward and makes contact with four occpital somites and the first cervical somites

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3
Q

what day does the cranial neuropore close

A

24 or 25

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4
Q

what day does the caudal neuropore close

A

26 or 27

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5
Q

the fusion of the neural folds results in the formation of what ?

A

neural tube

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6
Q

neural crest cells

A

really important, lose attachment to neural tube and form a lot of things

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7
Q

what are some examples of neural crest derivatives

A

parasympathetic ganglia of 3,7, 9 and 10, sensory ganglia of central nervous sytem of 5, 7, 9 and 10 and the autonomic doral root ganglia

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8
Q

surface ectoderm gives rise to what ?

A

epidermis, hair, nails, cutaneous, mamary glands, anterior pituitary gland, enamel of teeth, internal ear, and lens of eye

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9
Q

mesoderm immediately laterally to the notochord form cylindrical bodies called ___________

A

paraxial mesoderm

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10
Q

mesoderm just laterally to the notochord forms_________

A

intermediate mesoderm

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11
Q

futherest lateral to the notochord forms _____-

A

lateral plate mesoderm

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12
Q

paraxial mesoder

A

axial skeleton, volutary musclulatur and part of the dermis

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13
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A

form the urinary system and parts of the genital system

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14
Q

lateral plate mesoderm

A

will split into two layers splachnic mesoderm (associated with endoderm) and somatopleuric mesoderm (associated with the ectoderm)

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15
Q

the paraxial mesoderm helps form the first ________-

A

somite on day 20

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16
Q

how many pairs of somites are there ?

A

37 pairs

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17
Q

the endoderm of the embryo contributes to what structure ______________

A

yolk sac

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18
Q

endoderm derivatives

A

epithelial lining of GI tract, allantois, epithelium of repiratory tract, bladder, urethra, tympanic cavity and auditory tube, parenchyma of thyroid, parathyroid, liver and pancreas, stroma cells of the tonsils and the thymus

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19
Q

when is the fetal period

A

9th week til birth

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20
Q

characteristics of weeks 9-12

A

liver is major site of erythropoeisis, and the external genitals can be distinguished male or female

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21
Q

weeks 13-16

A

sites of ossification are evident, eye movements and the eyes are facing forward

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22
Q

weeks 17-20

A

primary ovarian follicles are formed and testes are descending

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23
Q

weeks 21-25

A

period of weight gain, blink and startle reflexes, surfactant is beginning to be secreted into the lungs

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24
Q

weeks 26-29

A

lungs are capable of breathig, CNS is capable of breathing and body temperature, spleen is still making blood cells but by 28 weeks blood formation shifts to the bone marrow

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25
Q

weeks 30-34

A

pupillary light reflex is present, fat is still accumulating

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26
Q

weeks 35-38

A

finish period involves final preparations of tissues important to the outside world

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27
Q

for the first 12 weeks of developent what is the major blood producing organ

A

yolk sac

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28
Q

for weeks 12-30 what organ is the major blood producing organ and weeks 12-24

A

liver, spleen

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29
Q

by week 30 what is the major hemopoietic organ

A

bone marrow

30
Q

what is amniocentesis ?

A

sampling of the amnioc fluid to test for genetic disorders (must pass through chorion and amnion to get the sample)

31
Q

by the 4th week the somites begin to differentiate into ______________ and ___________-

A

sclerotome and dermomyotome

32
Q

hemangioblast

A

give rise to blood vessels

33
Q

vasculogenesis

A

formation of blood islands, denovo vessels

34
Q

angiogenesis

A

sprouting from existing vessels

35
Q

hemangiomas

A

tumor like collections of blood vessels typically on the face

36
Q

epithlium derived from the mesoderm is

A

vascular endothelium

37
Q

epithelium derived from the endoderm is

A

epithelium of structures derived from yolk sac (gut and airway)

38
Q

epithlium derived from the ectoderm

A

epidermis and ependyma

39
Q

benign tumors of mesoderm epithelium are

A

angiomas

40
Q

malignant tumors of mesoderm epithelium are

A

sarcomas

41
Q

benign tumors of endoderm epithelium are

A

pailoma or adenomas

42
Q

malignant tumors of endoderm epithelium are

A

carcinomas

43
Q

benign tumors of ectoderm epithelium are

A

papiloma and ademoas

44
Q

malignant tumors of ectoderm epithelium are

A

carcinomas

45
Q

connective tissue is derived from ?

A

mesoderm for torso and limps and neuroectoderm (head)

46
Q

benign tumors of connective tissue mesoderm

A

fibroma, lipoma, chondroma, osteoma

47
Q

malignanty tumors of connective tissue medoderm

A

sarcomas

48
Q

benign tumors of muscle mesoderm

A

myomas

49
Q

malignant tumors of muscle mesoderm

A

myosarcomas

50
Q

what are the two types of paraxial mesoderm

A

sclerotome and dermomyotome

51
Q

what does the sclerotome give rise to

A

skeleton and cartilage

52
Q

what does the dermomyotome give rise to

A

skeletal muscles, dermis and connective tissues

53
Q

expected date of confinement ( EDC)

A

measures corwn rump length, head measurements and femur length to determine age

54
Q

gestation age

A

age from last menstruation!

55
Q

last nomrla menstrual period

A

with this gestation takes 40 week

56
Q

actual date of fertilization

A

with this measure it takes 38 weeks

57
Q

what is the first trimester

A

all major systems are developed

58
Q

second trimester

A

external anatomy, many birth defects can be detected

59
Q

third trimester

A

fetus becomes viable

60
Q

if alpha fetoprotein is elevated what happens

A

detects of embryonic body wall

61
Q

if alpha fetoprotein is depressed what can result

A

downs syndrome and trisomy 18

62
Q

surface ectoderm gives rise to

A

epidermis, hair,cutaneous and mammary glands, anterior pituitary gland, enamel of teeth, internal ear, and lens of the eye

63
Q

what does paraxial mesoderm give rise to

A

sclerotome which gives rise to skeleton and cartilage

dermomyotome which gives rise to skeletal muscles, dermis and connective tissue

64
Q

what does intermediate mesoderm give rise to

A

urogenital system and contributions to the reproductive system

65
Q

what does the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to

A

somatic(parietal) layer gives rise to connective tissue of limbs and serious membranes
splanchnic (visceral) layer gives rise to connective tissue, smooth muscle of vercera, serious membranes, primordial heart, blood, spleen, and suprarenal cortex

66
Q

what does the endoderm give rise to

A

epithelium of the GI tract, liver, pancrease, liver, urachus, trachea, bronchi, longs, pharynyx, and thyroid

67
Q

what does the neural ectoderm give rise to

A 
neural tube (CNS, retina, pineal gland, and posterior pituitary)
neural crest (all ganglia)
68
Q

the myotome splits into what

A

epaxial (intrinsic back muscleS) and hypomeres (hypaxial)

69
Q

epithelium is derived from what layers

A

all three

70
Q

connective tissue is derived from what

A

neuroectoderm and mesoderm

71
Q

muscle is derived from

A

mesoderm

72
Q

nerve is derived from

A

neuroectoderm

Embryology (19 decks)

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