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Embryology > Development of the Heart > Flashcards

Development of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The ________is the first to develop and function within the developing fetus.

A

heart

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2
Q

Where does oxygenated blood to the fetus come from ?

A

placenta

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3
Q

Where do the cardiac precursor cells migrate into to form the primary heart field ?

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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4
Q

The heart initially consists of what types of cells ?

A

endothelium and splanchnic mesoderm

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5
Q

What are the two layers the splanchnic mesoderm develops into ?

A

myocardium and cardiac jelly

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6
Q

cells from the splanchnic mesoderm also migrate and give rise to what ?

A

epicardium

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7
Q

What are the three layers of the cardiac tube ?

A

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

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8
Q

cardiac looping is complete by what day ?

A

day 28

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9
Q

The bulbus cordis helps give rise to what structures

A

trabeculated right ventricle, conus cordis (outflow tract), and truncus arteriosis

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10
Q

The ventricle gives rise to what

A

left and right ventricle

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11
Q

the atrium gives rise to

A

trabeculated right and left atria

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12
Q

the sinus venosus helps give rise to

A

smooth part of right atrium

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13
Q

The sinus venosus receives blood from

A

vitelline (yolk sac); umbilical (placenta) and common cardinal (embryo)

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14
Q

What happens during Week 5

A

there is a great venous shift to the right and the right venous horn increases in size and the left becomes unimportant

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15
Q

What does the right venous hour contribute to?

A

inferior vena cava

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16
Q

Between the conus cordis and the truncus the endocardial cushions are from

A

neural crest cells and serve to partition the truncus

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17
Q

between the atria and the ventricle the endocardial cushions are from

A

splanchnic mesoderm and partition the atria, ventricles and AV canals

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18
Q

what helps form the foramen ovale

A

septum primum

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19
Q

What type of tissue forms the AV valves

A

mesenchymal tissue

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20
Q

the primitive ventricle forms

A

most of the left ventricle and parts of the right and the interventricular septum

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21
Q

the bulbus cordis forms

A

most of the right ventricle

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22
Q

the truncus ateriosus forms

A

infundibulum (conus arteriousus) and aortic vestibule

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23
Q

What help partition the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus

A

neural crest cells

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24
Q

initially the pacemaker is located where

A

caudal left cardiac tube

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25
Q

Cells from what and the AV canal form the AV node and bundle branches

A

sinus venosus

26
Q

what day does the heart beat show up

A

day 30

27
Q

The ductus arteriosus is found in adults as

A

ligamentum ateriosus

28
Q

The cardiac precursors cells arise from what ?

A

epiblast

29
Q

The __________induces the cardiac precursor cells once they have migrated to form cardiac myoblasts

A

endoderm

30
Q

coelomic epithelium help to form what

A

myocardium and conducting system

31
Q

neural crest help form what

A

septa and media of great vessels

32
Q

cells from the splanchnic mesoderm help give rise to what layer of the heart

A

epicardium

33
Q

the first third of the bulbus cordis will form

A

trabeculated part of the right ventricle

34
Q

distal 1/3 of bulbus cordis (truncus arteriosus)

A

roots and proximal portion of aorta and pulmonary artery

35
Q

middle 1.3 of bulbus cordis (conus cordis)

A

will form the outflow tracts of both ventricles

36
Q

What veins are obliterated at the 5th week of development ?

A

right umbilical, left vitelline, and later left common cardinal vein

37
Q

what is the dividing line between the trabeculated part of the right atrium ?

A

crista terminalis

38
Q

the endocardial cushoins from the bulbous cordis works to

A

partition the truncus

39
Q

the endocardial cushions between the atria and ventricle work to

A

partition the atria, atrioventricular canals and interventricular septum

40
Q

the gap that remains in the septum primum is called

A

ostium primum

41
Q

perforations in the septum primum before the ostium primum closes is called what

A

ostium secundum

42
Q

a second fold appears in front of the septum primum this is called the

A

septum secondum

43
Q

the foramen ovale functions to

A

allow blood to pass from the right atrium to the left bypassing the lungs

44
Q

how do the semilunar valves evolve

A

from swellings in the pulmonary and aortic channels and the involvement of neural crest cells

45
Q

dextrocardia

A

heart is on the wrong side of the body

46
Q

ectopia cordis

A

heart is on the outside of the body

47
Q

sudden infant death syndrome

A

caused by abnormalities in the cardiac conducting system

48
Q

atrial septal defects

A

can involve a persistent ostium secondum, common atrium, defect in endocardial cushions, defect involving sinus venosum or probe patency

49
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

defects in muscular part usually resolve, the membranous part are more serious

50
Q

cor triloculae biventriculae

A

absence of a atrial septum resulting in a 3 chambered heart

51
Q

premature closure of the oval foramen

A

leads to hypertrophy of the right atrium and ventricle and hypotrophy of left chambers; patient typically dies shortly after birth

52
Q

transposition of the great vessels

A

septum that divides the aorta and pulmonary trunk does NOT form properly

53
Q

dextrocardia

A

heart tube bends t left side and the heart becomes displaced to the right side

54
Q

tricuspid valve atresia

A

always have patency of the foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect and underdeveloped right ventricle and hypertrophy of left ventricle

55
Q

ebstein anomaly

A

improper formation of the tricuspid valve where the valves partially fuse to the ventricular wall, right ventricle becomes atrialized by tricuspid regirgitation; indicated by cyanosis and heart failure ususally accompanied by ASD

56
Q

hypoplasitc left heart syndrome

A

poorly developed left ventricle; must pass through ASD to the right atrium into the right ventricle and then through the patent ductus ateriosus into systemic circulation is fatal

57
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

affects organization and structure of cardiac muscle, mutation in beta myosin heavy chanin, cause of death in young atheletes

58
Q

tetrology of fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect

59
Q

tetrology of fallot results from

A

improper formation of conotruncal septum

60
Q

pentrad of fallot

A 
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertroph
overriding aorta 
ventricular septal defect
atrical septal defect
61
Q

persistent truncus ateriosus

A

conotruncal ridges do not fuse
accompanied by IV septal defect
truncus gets blood from both ventricles

Embryology (19 decks)

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