Development of the Heart Flashcards
The ________is the first to develop and function within the developing fetus.
heart
Where does oxygenated blood to the fetus come from ?
placenta
Where do the cardiac precursor cells migrate into to form the primary heart field ?
splanchnic mesoderm
The heart initially consists of what types of cells ?
endothelium and splanchnic mesoderm
What are the two layers the splanchnic mesoderm develops into ?
myocardium and cardiac jelly
cells from the splanchnic mesoderm also migrate and give rise to what ?
epicardium
What are the three layers of the cardiac tube ?
epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
cardiac looping is complete by what day ?
day 28
The bulbus cordis helps give rise to what structures
trabeculated right ventricle, conus cordis (outflow tract), and truncus arteriosis
The ventricle gives rise to what
left and right ventricle
the atrium gives rise to
trabeculated right and left atria
the sinus venosus helps give rise to
smooth part of right atrium
The sinus venosus receives blood from
vitelline (yolk sac); umbilical (placenta) and common cardinal (embryo)
What happens during Week 5
there is a great venous shift to the right and the right venous horn increases in size and the left becomes unimportant
What does the right venous hour contribute to?
inferior vena cava
Between the conus cordis and the truncus the endocardial cushions are from
neural crest cells and serve to partition the truncus
between the atria and the ventricle the endocardial cushions are from
splanchnic mesoderm and partition the atria, ventricles and AV canals
what helps form the foramen ovale
septum primum
What type of tissue forms the AV valves
mesenchymal tissue
the primitive ventricle forms
most of the left ventricle and parts of the right and the interventricular septum
the bulbus cordis forms
most of the right ventricle
the truncus ateriosus forms
infundibulum (conus arteriousus) and aortic vestibule
What help partition the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus
neural crest cells
initially the pacemaker is located where
caudal left cardiac tube
Cells from what and the AV canal form the AV node and bundle branches
sinus venosus
what day does the heart beat show up
day 30
The ductus arteriosus is found in adults as
ligamentum ateriosus
The cardiac precursors cells arise from what ?
epiblast
The __________induces the cardiac precursor cells once they have migrated to form cardiac myoblasts
endoderm
coelomic epithelium help to form what
myocardium and conducting system
neural crest help form what
septa and media of great vessels
cells from the splanchnic mesoderm help give rise to what layer of the heart
epicardium
the first third of the bulbus cordis will form
trabeculated part of the right ventricle
distal 1/3 of bulbus cordis (truncus arteriosus)
roots and proximal portion of aorta and pulmonary artery
middle 1.3 of bulbus cordis (conus cordis)
will form the outflow tracts of both ventricles
What veins are obliterated at the 5th week of development ?
right umbilical, left vitelline, and later left common cardinal vein
what is the dividing line between the trabeculated part of the right atrium ?
crista terminalis
the endocardial cushoins from the bulbous cordis works to
partition the truncus
the endocardial cushions between the atria and ventricle work to
partition the atria, atrioventricular canals and interventricular septum
the gap that remains in the septum primum is called
ostium primum
perforations in the septum primum before the ostium primum closes is called what
ostium secundum
a second fold appears in front of the septum primum this is called the
septum secondum
the foramen ovale functions to
allow blood to pass from the right atrium to the left bypassing the lungs
how do the semilunar valves evolve
from swellings in the pulmonary and aortic channels and the involvement of neural crest cells
dextrocardia
heart is on the wrong side of the body
ectopia cordis
heart is on the outside of the body
sudden infant death syndrome
caused by abnormalities in the cardiac conducting system
atrial septal defects
can involve a persistent ostium secondum, common atrium, defect in endocardial cushions, defect involving sinus venosum or probe patency
ventricular septal defect
defects in muscular part usually resolve, the membranous part are more serious
cor triloculae biventriculae
absence of a atrial septum resulting in a 3 chambered heart
premature closure of the oval foramen
leads to hypertrophy of the right atrium and ventricle and hypotrophy of left chambers; patient typically dies shortly after birth
transposition of the great vessels
septum that divides the aorta and pulmonary trunk does NOT form properly
dextrocardia
heart tube bends t left side and the heart becomes displaced to the right side
tricuspid valve atresia
always have patency of the foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect and underdeveloped right ventricle and hypertrophy of left ventricle
ebstein anomaly
improper formation of the tricuspid valve where the valves partially fuse to the ventricular wall, right ventricle becomes atrialized by tricuspid regirgitation; indicated by cyanosis and heart failure ususally accompanied by ASD
hypoplasitc left heart syndrome
poorly developed left ventricle; must pass through ASD to the right atrium into the right ventricle and then through the patent ductus ateriosus into systemic circulation is fatal
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
affects organization and structure of cardiac muscle, mutation in beta myosin heavy chanin, cause of death in young atheletes
tetrology of fallot
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect
tetrology of fallot results from
improper formation of conotruncal septum
pentrad of fallot
pulmonary stenosis right ventricular hypertroph overriding aorta ventricular septal defect atrical septal defect
persistent truncus ateriosus
conotruncal ridges do not fuse
accompanied by IV septal defect
truncus gets blood from both ventricles
