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Embryology > Development of the Skull, Face and Palate > Flashcards

Development of the Skull, Face and Palate Flashcards

1
Q

what does the skull develop from ?

A

mesenchyme

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2
Q

neurocrainium is

A

around the brain

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3
Q

viscerocranium

A

is the skeleton around the face

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4
Q

what are the two parts of the neurocranium ?

A

cartilagenous and memranous parts

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5
Q

what process forms the bones of the skull

A

endochondral ossification

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6
Q

what type of cartilage gives rise to the ethmoid bone ?

A

prechordal cartilage

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7
Q

parachordal cartilage gives rise to

A

occipital bone

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8
Q

hypophysial cartilage gives rise to

A

forms around the pituitary gland

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9
Q

ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, and inferior concha are formed from

A

olfactory capsules

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10
Q

petrous and mastoid parts of petrous bone are formed by

A

otic capsule

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11
Q

forms the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid

A

optic capsule

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12
Q

the membranous neurocranium is derived from

A

neural crest cells

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13
Q

what process forms the neurocranium

A

intermembranous ossification

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14
Q

the membranous viscerous cranium is from

A

the first arch and neural crest cells

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15
Q

membranous neurocranium forms what bones

A

frontal, parietal, sqaumous part of temporal and portion of occipital

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16
Q

viscerocranium froms what vones

A

squamous temporal, maxillary and zygomatic bones and most of the mandible

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17
Q

cartilagenous viscerocranium is from what

A

first and second arches via endochondral ossification

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18
Q

first arch forms

A

malleus and incus and parts of mandible

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19
Q

second arch forms

A

stapes, lesser horn, and superior part of hyoid bone

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20
Q

third arch forms

A

greater horns and inferior part of hyoid bone

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21
Q

fourth and third arch form

A

epiglottis

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22
Q

what forms the laryngeal cartilages

A

fourth and sixth arches

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23
Q

when does the development of the face begin ?

A

4th week

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24
Q

what does the development of the face rely on

A

organizing centers related to the forebrain

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25
Q

face develops around what structure

A

stomadeum

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26
Q

the nasolacrimal duct forms from _______of the nasolacrimal groove

A

ectoderm

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27
Q

______________ are not present at birth but develop in early life by the eroding of bone

A

paranasal sinuses

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28
Q

what do the neural crest cells that remain in the surface ectoderm form

A

neuroepithelium

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29
Q

what do the nerual crest cells taht remain in the surface ectoderm help give rise to

A

ectodermal placodes

30
Q

ectodermal placodes will form what

A

neural tissue along with the lens of the eye

31
Q

hypophysal placode gives rise to

A

rathke’s pouch

32
Q

the olfatory placodes give rise to

A

epithelium of the nasal cavity

33
Q

the ventrolateral placode gives rise to

A

ganglia of CN VII, IX and X

34
Q

dorsalateral placode gives rise to

A

otic placodes (membranous labyrinth, spiral and vestibular ganglia)

35
Q

intermediate placode gives rise to

A

profundal and trigeminal placodes-trigeminal ganglia

36
Q

when does the primary palate begin to from

A

5th week but is NOT complete till the 12th week

37
Q

primary plate

A

triangular shape
forms premaxillary part of maxilla
holds incisor teeth

38
Q

when does the secondary palate begin to form

39
Q

when can anamolies of face and palate be detectected

A

second trimester

40
Q

acrania

A

no calvaria, often associated with anencephaly

41
Q

craniosyntosis

A

premature closure of the sutures- skull with different shapes

42
Q

scaphocephaly

A

saggital suture closes early- skull is long and narrow

43
Q

oxycepahly

A

coronal suture closes early, skull is tall

44
Q

plagiocephaly

A

assymatric close, skull is twisted and can result in dysfunction of cranial nerves IX and X

45
Q

microcephaly

A

fontanelles close early and sutures close during first year, a CNS defect where the brain and calvaria fail to grow

46
Q

choanal atresia

A

nasal cavity is NOT continuous with pharynx, blocked by nasal epithelium

47
Q

choanal atresia is part of

A

CHARGE association

48
Q

CHARGE

A 
coloboma of iris
heart defect
atreasia of chonae
retarded growth
genitourinary anaomaly
ear defect
49
Q

microstomia

A

excessive merging of maxillary and mandibular prominences

50
Q

cleft lip

A

only the lip and may be bilateral occurs in various degrees

51
Q

anterior cleft

A

cleft that involves albeolar part of maxilla, anterior incisive foramen; deficit of maxillary prominence and intermaxillary segment

52
Q

posterior cleft

A

secondary palate involvement, extends through soft and hard palate, defective development of the secondary palate, mild cases involve ONLY the uvula

53
Q

median cleft

A

failure of medial nasal prominences to merge and form intermaxillary segmentl characteristic of mohr syndrome

54
Q

median cleft of lower lip

A

rare; failure of mandibular prominence to fuse

55
Q

oblique facial cleft

A

from upper lip to medial margin of the orbit

56
Q

cranioschisis

A

cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid degenerates caused by failure of the neuropore to close

57
Q

cartilagenous neurocranium or chondrocraium is derived from

A

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

58
Q

difference between positional head deformity and unilambdoid synostosis

A

for positional head deformity it has isilateral flattening, and frontal bossing and forward ear

for unilambdoid synostis, contralateral bossing, isilateral ear posterior, isilatera flattening

59
Q

cranioschisis

A

cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid degenerates caused by failure of the neuropore to close

59
Q

cranioschisis

A

cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid degenerates caused by failure of the neuropore to close

60
Q

cartilagenous neurocranium or chondrocraium is derived from

A

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

60
Q

cartilagenous neurocranium or chondrocraium is derived from

A

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

61
Q

difference between positional head deformity and unilambdoid synostosis

A

for positional head deformity it has isilateral flattening, and frontal bossing and forward ear

for unilambdoid synostis, contralateral bossing, isilateral ear posterior, isilatera flattening

61
Q

difference between positional head deformity and unilambdoid synostosis

A

for positional head deformity it has isilateral flattening, and frontal bossing and forward ear

for unilambdoid synostis, contralateral bossing, isilateral ear posterior, isilatera flattening

62
Q

cranioschisis

A

cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid degenerates caused by failure of the neuropore to close

63
Q

cartilagenous neurocranium or chondrocraium is derived from

A

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

64
Q

difference between positional head deformity and unilambdoid synostosis

A

for positional head deformity it has isilateral flattening, and frontal bossing and forward ear

for unilambdoid synostis, contralateral bossing, isilateral ear posterior, isilatera flattening

65
Q

the frontal nasal prominence gives rise to

A

forehead, bridge of nose, medial and lateral nasal prominences

66
Q

maxillary prominence gives rise to

A

cheeks, lateral portion of upper lip

67
Q

medial nasal prominence gives rise to

A

philtrum of upper lip, crest, and tip of nose

68
Q

lateral nasal prominence gives rise to

A

alae of nose

69
Q

mandibular prominence give rise to

Embryology (19 decks)

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