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Embryology > development of the genital system > Flashcards

development of the genital system Flashcards

1
Q

when does the determination of sex occur ?

A

at fertilizations (determined by male gamete)

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2
Q

if the germ cells fail to reach the genital ridges

A

gonads do not

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3
Q

What forms the primitive sex cords ?

A

coelomic epithelium proliferates and penetrates the mesenchyme to form primitive sex cords

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4
Q

3 contributions to the gonads ?

A 
germ cells (endoderm)
coelomic epithelium
mesenchymal cells (Ct)
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5
Q

development of the testes is induced by what gene

A

sry

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6
Q

what does the the sry gene encode

A

Testis dermining factor (TDF)

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7
Q

What does TDF cause

A

sex cords proliferate to form testis
cords grow into a network that will give rise to rete testes
tunica albuginea seperates cords from surface epithlieum

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8
Q

seminiferous cords form

A

seminiferous tubules (sertoli cells and spermatogonia) straight tubules, rete tests and mesenchymal cells

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9
Q

what do mesenchymal cells form

A

leydig cells that produce testerone in week 8

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10
Q

which gonad develops first

A

right

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11
Q

descent of the testes is associated with

A

enlargement of the testes
atrophy of the mesonephric kidney
atrophy of the paramesonephric ducts
enlargement of the processus vaginalis

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12
Q

the gubernaculum attached to the uterus becomes what

A

ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

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13
Q

canal of nuck

A

persistent processus vaginalis in female

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14
Q

mesonephric duct

A

duct of the intermediate kidney

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15
Q

paramesonephric duct

A

a longitudinal derivative of epithleium of the urogenital ridge; cranially the duct opens into the coelomic cavity; caudally the two ducts join and fuse together

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16
Q

the development of the genital ducts is controlled by

A

TDF

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17
Q

mullerian inhibiting factor

A

produced by sertoli cells and inhibit development of the mullerian duct

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18
Q

testosterone

A

produced by leydig cells and stimulate continued development of the mullerian duct

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19
Q

the mesoneprhic duct gives rise to

A

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle

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20
Q

in males the _________ regresses and the ________ perisists

A

mullerian, mesonephric

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21
Q

what are the remnants of mullerian ducts

A

appendix of testi (paradidymuss) and protatic utricle

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22
Q

paramesonephric duct gives rise to what in females

A

uterine tube, uterus and superior part of vagina

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23
Q

remnants of the mesonephric ducts in females

A

epoophoron+ paraoophoron and the gartner’s cyst

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24
Q

gartner’s syst

A

scattering of tiny remnants of the mesonephric duct that remain near the vagina

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25
Q

the vaginal epithlium arises from

A

endoderm of the UG sinus,

26
Q

the fibromuscular wall of the vagina arises from

A

surrounding mesenchyme

27
Q

sinovaginal bulbes fuse to form

A

vaginal plate (hymen)

28
Q

upper portion of vagina derived from

A

paramesonephric ducts

29
Q

lower portion of the vagina derived from

A

urogenital sinus

30
Q

the indifferent gonad becomes what in females and males

A

testes in males and ovary in females

31
Q

the gubernaculum becomes what in f and m

A

gubernaculum testes

ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

32
Q

genital tubercle becomes what in males and females

A

males-penis

females-clitoris

33
Q

urogenital folds become what in males and females

A

labia mainora in females and penis in males

34
Q

genital swellings become what in males and females

A

scrotum

labia majora

35
Q

phenotypic sex is determined over a long period of time during development and depends on

A

MIF, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and critical timing

36
Q

turner syndrome

A

45 X0, germ cells degenerate after reaching gonadal ridge; ovaries do NOT form but rather ovarian streaks form

37
Q

migration of germ cells during week 2

A

arise from the epiblast

38
Q

week 3 migration of germ cells

A

yolk sac

39
Q

week 5 migration of germ cells

A

migration through dorsal mesentery of the hindgut

40
Q

week 6 migration of germ cells

A

arrive at the genital ridge

41
Q

what does the seminiferous tubules form

A

sertoli cells and spermatogonia

42
Q

what do the mesenchymal cells from

A

leydig cells that produce testosterone in week 8

43
Q

INFANnital tubercle becomes what in females

A

clitoris

44
Q

genitcal tubercle becomes what in males

A

penis

45
Q

the urethrla groove becomes what in males

A

penile urethral

46
Q

urthral groove becomes wat in females

A

vestibule

47
Q

urogenital sinus becomes what in males

A

bladder, urethra, and prostate

48
Q

urogenical sinus becomes what in females

A

bladder urethra, portions of the vagina and vestibular glands

49
Q

what are the four stages of development of the reproductive system

A

development of the sexually indifferent goand, development of the ovary/testis, development of genital ducts, development of external genitalia

50
Q

what week does reproductive development start

A

week 5

51
Q

gonads are derived from

A

intermediate mesoderm, mesenchyme, and primordial germ cells

52
Q

when do the primordial germ cells invade the gonadal ridges

A

week 6

53
Q

uterus didelphys

A

double uterus with double vagina

54
Q

uternus bicornis

A

two uteri,one vagina

55
Q

weeks 9-12

A

external genitalia

56
Q

klinefelter syndrome

A

47xxy male, but small testes, tall intellegence affected

57
Q

androgen insensitivyt syndrome

A

46 XY but appear as normal females, resissteance to testosterone defect in androgen receptor

58
Q

hydrocele

A

processus vginalis doesn’t close and accumulates fluid, usually spontaneously closes in a few days

59
Q

cryptoorchidism

A

undescended testes

60
Q

hypospadias

A

external urethral opening on ventral side

61
Q

epispadias

A

external urethral opening on dorsal aspect of penis

Embryology (19 decks)

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