Pharmacology Test 1

Question 1

Benzodiazapines

Answer 1

• 1st choice for anxiety and insomnia
• also used for seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol w/d, perioperative.
• schedule IV controlled substance (ativan, ambien)
• CNS depressant

Question 2

Benzo adverse effects

Answer 2

• CNS depression
• Anterograde amnesia (Versed)
• sleep-related behaviors
• paradoxical effects (increased anxiety)
• respiratory depression
• abuse
• risk for fetal harm (cat D)
• Drug interactions

Question 3

Benzo antidote

Answer 3

Flumazenil (romazicon)

• used to reverse benzo overdose
• administered IV
• duration: 1 hr, may need to repeated

Question 4

Benzo-like drugs

Answer 4

• used for insomnia (Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta)
• same MOA as benzo
• schedule IV substance

Question 5

Local Anesthesia

Answer 5

topical or injection

Question 6

General anesthesia

Answer 6

inhaled and injection

Question 7

Local anesthesia

Answer 7

• some numbness
• cheaper
• smaller amount
• stop conduction of pain by blocking Na channels along axonal membrane in a limited area
• blocks sensory and motor transmission

Question 8

2 groups of local anesthesia

Answer 8

• esters

- amides

Question 9

Esters

Answer 9

procain and novacaine

Question 10

Amides

Answer 10

lidocaine and xylocaine

Question 11

General

Answer 11

• paralyzes whole body
• more expensive
• longer lasting
• more risk involved
• used with opioids and analgesics for pain

Question 12

Patient teaching

Answer 12

1. What are you giving the pt
2. why are they getting it
3. What to expect
4. What could happen
5. What you’re going to do about it

Question 13

Evaluation of the pt.

Answer 13

1. Is the drug doing its job?

2. Is the pt tolerating the drug well?

Question 14

IV anesthetic

Answer 14

• may reduce need for inhaled anesthetic

- produce effects that inhaled alone cannot produce

Question 15

Short acting barbituates

Answer 15

• Penthol, Brevital: anesthesia induction

* to calm the pt pre-operatively

Question 16

Benzodiazapines

Answer 16

• diazepam(Valium), midazolam (Versed): anesthesia induction and conscious sedation

Question 17

Propofol(diprivan)

Answer 17

• most widely used IV anesthetic (no analgesic action)
• used in surgery, mechanical ventilation, radiation therapy, diagnostic procedures
• given through continuous IV
• looks like milk ( because of lipids)
• surgery staff and anesthesiologists most likely to abuse this
• risk for infection because of possible bacteria growth in the lipids
• tubing changed every 6 hrs instead of 48-72

Question 18

Chemo agents

Answer 18

• cytotoxic agents
• hormone and hormone antagonists
• biologic response modifiers (immune system)
• targeted drugs
• goal of tx: produce 100% kill of the neoplastic cells while causing limited injury to the normal tissue